High impact information on CSN1S1

• The nucleotide sequence of the whole goat alphas1-casein-encoding gene (CSN1S1) plus 1973 nucleotides at the 5' flanking region and 610 nucleotides at the 3' flanking region was determined and aligned with its bovine counterpart [1].
• Finally, seven interspersed repeated elements (10 in the bovine CSN1S1 gene) were also identified at four different locations of the sequenced region: 5' untranscribed region and introns 2, 8 and 11 [1].
• Polymorphism of the bovine CSN1S1 promoter: linkage mapping, intragenic haplotypes, and effects on milk production traits [2].
• As CSN1S1 is one of the main caseins in milk, this could be an effect of mutations in regulatory elements in the promoter region [2].
• The bovine CSN1S1 5' flanking region (CSN1S1-5') was screened for polymorphisms in different cattle breeds [2].

Biological context of CSN1S1

• Polymorphic AP-1 binding site in bovine CSN1S1 shows quantitative differences in protein binding associated with milk protein expression [3].
• We assume that the positive association of the CSN1S1(-175bp)*G variant with CSN1S1 expression is likely to be caused by a reduced affinity of the affected response element to a c-jun-containing CSN1S1 dimer with repressor properties [3].
• A trinucleotide repeat polymorphism is present in bovine CSN1S1 [4].
• Variance analysis, using family and CSN1S1 promoter genotypes as fixed effects, of breeding values and deregressed proofs for milk production traits (milk, fat, and protein yield and also fat and protein percentage) revealed significant effects on protein percentage when all families and genotypes were considered [2].
• In this study, the frequencies and the effects of alleles at the DGAT1 K232A and at the DGAT1 promoter variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) locus on BTA14, and of alleles at the CSN1S1 (alpha(S1)-casein-encoding gene) promoter on BTA6 in the German Angeln dairy cattle population were investigated [5].

Physical interactions of CSN1S1

• In this study we present the results of a quantitative fluorescent electromobility shift assay comparing the allelic variants of a polymorphic activator protein-1 binding site in the promoter region of the bovine alphas1-casein encoding gene (CSN1S1), which is affected by an A-->G exchange at -175 bp (CSN1S1(-175bp)) [3].

Other interactions of CSN1S1

• Whereas DGAT1, GHR, and CSN1S1 polymorphisms showed association with some traits in individual populations, the lack of consistent predictive merit between populations indicates they may not be suited for beef cattle selection [6].
• Characterization of the DGAT1 mutations and the CSN1S1 promoter in the German Angeln dairy cattle population [5].
• Genotyping of 30 cattle breeds from four continents revealed a geographically associated distribution of haplotypes, mainly defined by frequencies of alleles at CSN1S1 and CSN3 [7].

References