Disease relevance of Rtl1

• Acute and subacute toxicity of Cochlospermum regium (Mart. & Schr.) pilger [1].
• Baccharis triptera Mart, is a widespread Compositae used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disturbances, rheumatic disease, mild fever, diabetes and as an anti-helminthic [2].

High impact information on Rtl1

• A retrotransposon-like gene (Rtl1) is expressed from the paternal chromosome and has an antisense transcript expressed from the maternal chromosome containing two microRNAs with full complementarity to Rtl1 (ref. 12) [3].
• By manipulating donor and recipient strain combinations, we permitted the Mar CD4(+) T cells to respond to the H-Y Ag after processing and presentation by recipient APCs (indirect pathway), or to the male Ag as expressed on donor APCs (direct pathway) [4].
• Retrotransposon-like VL30 elements are efficiently induced in anoxic rat fibroblasts [5].
• Sequence database analysis suggested that Mart genes are present in opossum (marsupial), but absent from the genome of chicken [6].
• Most Mart genes are located on the X chromosome in different mammals [6].

Biological context of Rtl1

• A family of functional neogenes called Mart, related to the gag gene of Sushi-like long terminal repeat retrotransposons from fish and amphibians, is present in the genome of human (11 genes) and other primates, as well as in mouse (11 genes), rat, dog (12 genes), cat, and cow [6].
• RT-PCR analysis showed that at least six Mart genes are expressed during mouse embryonic development, with in situ hybridization analysis revealing rather ubiquitous expression patterns [6].
• Three Mar genes also have introns at identical positions in human and mouse [7].
• Some Mar genes have also retained from their retrotransposon origin a -1 ribosomal frameshifting between the gag-related open reading frame and a region encoding a putative aspartyl protease domain [7].
• Some Mar proteins might function as transcription factors or be involved in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis [7].

Anatomical context of Rtl1

• Metabolic energy dependent exocytosis of mouse mast cells by lectin of Dioclea grandiflora (Mart.) [8].
• Dioclea grandiflora Mart. ex Bent., known as Mucuna or Mucuna of stone, is a member of the Leguminosae family, popularly used for its possible effects on the Central Nervous System (CNS) [9].
• The lectin from Dioclea grandiflora (Mart.) that selectively binds glucose and mannose, when subcutaneously injected in mouse induces an inflammatory cutaneous reaction whose histological analysis reveals an hemorrhagic ulceration with exudative reaction accompanied by an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and giant cells [10].

Associations of Rtl1 with chemical compounds

• Bisnordihydrotoxiferine, a dimeric tertiary indole alkaloid obtained from the root bark of Strychnos trinervis (Vell.) Mart [11].
• The ethanol extract (EE) of the aerial parts of Solanum variabile Mart [12].
• Guarana, a herbal extract from the seeds of Paullinia cupana Mart. has been evaluated in comparison with caffeine on mouse behaviour in forced swimming and open field tests [13].
• Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) offers protection against gastric lesions induced by ethanol and indomethacin in rats [14].

Other interactions of Rtl1

• In addition, three Mar proteins have conserved the Gag CCHC zinc finger motif, suggesting a role in nucleic acid binding [7].
• Several dominant mutations at the agouti locus in mice, induced by retrotransposon-like intracisternal A particles, result in ectopic over-expression of ASP and animals with much higher proportions of all-yellow hairs [15].
• The bound fragments included major and minor satellite DNA, telomere DNA, minisatellites, microsatellites, short and long interspersed nucleotide elements (SINEs and LINEs), A-type particle elements, members of the mammalian retrotransposon-like (MaLR) family, and a series of repeats not assignable to major repetitive DNA families [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rtl1

• To evaluate the priming and trafficking of male Ag-reactive CD4(+) T cells in vivo, we developed an adoptive transfer model, using Marilyn (Mar) TCR transgenic T cells that are specific for the H-Y minor transplantation Ag plus I-A(b) [4].
• Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. is used in Brazilian herbal medicine particularly for stomach disorders, but it is also used, as in other parts of South America, for fertility control [17].
• Despite the use of some species of Lychnophora in folk medicine for pain relief, crude extracts from L. salicifolia Mart. showed no antinociceptive activity in the mouse writhing test [18].

References