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Gene Review

ple  -  pale

Drosophila melanogaster

Synonyms: CG10118, DH65B, DTH, Dmel\CG10118, Pale, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of ple

  • We demonstrate using recombinant DTH protein generated in E. coli that its regulatory biochemical mechanisms closely parallel those from mammals [1].
  • The hyperactivation of TH in Catsup mutants results in abnormally high levels of catecholamines, which can account for the lethality, visible phenotypes, and female sterility observed in these mutants [2].
 

Psychiatry related information on ple

  • Both hemizygous and homozygous temperature-sensitive ple mutants (ple(ts1)) also show normal locomotor activity at the permissive temperature for this mutant allele (18 degrees C), which progressively declines as the temperature is increased to its restrictive level (29 degrees C) [3].
 

High impact information on ple

  • The comapping of the mutant pale to this same region, as well as its phenotype, suggests that pale may be a TH mutation [4].
  • The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a 57,861 dalton protein with almost 50% identity with rat TH [4].
  • Here, we characterized Drosophila parkin loss-of-function mutants, which exhibit shrinkage of dopaminergic neurons with decreased tyrosine hydroxylase level and impaired locomotion [5].
  • Catecholamines up (Catsup), which encodes a negative regulator of tyrosine hydroxylase , the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine, is a pleiotropic quantitative trait gene in Drosophila melanogaster [6].
  • However, DTH II appears comparatively less sensitive than DTH I to dopamine inhibition [7].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of ple

 

Biological context of ple

 

Anatomical context of ple

  • Expression of DTH I is restricted to the central nervous system, whereas DTH II is expressed in non-nervous tissues like the epidermis [7].
  • In the adult brain, HA-IR axons of the extraocular eyelet photoreceptors terminate on the dendritic branches of the LN(v)s. A few tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-IR processes were seen close to the dorsal terminals of the s-LN(v)s, but not their dendrites, in the larval and adult brain [11].
 

Associations of ple with chemical compounds

 

Other interactions of ple

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ple

References

  1. Biochemical conservation of recombinant Drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase with its mammalian cognates. Neckameyer, W.S., Holt, B., Paradowski, T.J. Biochem. Genet. (2005) [Pubmed]
  2. The catecholamines up (Catsup) protein of Drosophila melanogaster functions as a negative regulator of tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Stathakis, D.G., Burton, D.Y., McIvor, W.E., Krishnakumar, S., Wright, T.R., O'Donnell, J.M. Genetics (1999) [Pubmed]
  3. Effects of tyrosine hydroxylase mutants on locomotor activity in Drosophila: a study in functional genomics. Pendleton, R.G., Rasheed, A., Sardina, T., Tully, T., Hillman, R. Behav. Genet. (2002) [Pubmed]
  4. Isolation and characterization of the gene for Drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase. Neckameyer, W.S., Quinn, W.G. Neuron (1989) [Pubmed]
  5. Parkin negatively regulates JNK pathway in the dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila. Cha, G.H., Kim, S., Park, J., Lee, E., Kim, M., Lee, S.B., Kim, J.M., Chung, J., Cho, K.S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. Phenotypic variation and natural selection at catsup, a pleiotropic quantitative trait gene in Drosophila. Carbone, M.A., Jordan, K.W., Lyman, R.F., Harbison, S.T., Leips, J., Morgan, T.J., DeLuca, M., Awadalla, P., Mackay, T.F. Curr. Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  7. Differential regulation of Drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase isoforms by dopamine binding and cAMP-dependent phosphorylation. Vié, A., Cigna, M., Toci, R., Birman, S. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  8. Dopamine and sensory tissue development in Drosophila melanogaster. Neckameyer, W., O'Donnell, J., Huang, Z., Stark, W. J. Neurobiol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  9. A novel and major isoform of tyrosine hydroxylase in Drosophila is generated by alternative RNA processing. Birman, S., Morgan, B., Anzivino, M., Hirsh, J. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  10. Targeted gene expression in Drosophila dopaminergic cells using regulatory sequences from tyrosine hydroxylase. Friggi-Grelin, F., Coulom, H., Meller, M., Gomez, D., Hirsh, J., Birman, S. J. Neurobiol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  11. Mapping of serotonin, dopamine, and histamine in relation to different clock neurons in the brain of Drosophila. Hamasaka, Y., Nässel, D.R. J. Comp. Neurol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  12. A genetic analysis of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases involvement in DOPA synthesis during Drosophila adult development. Piedrafita, A.C., Martínez-Ramírez, A.C., Silva, F.J. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  13. A single locus encodes both phenylalanine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase activities in Drosophila. Neckameyer, W.S., White, K. J. Biol. Chem. (1992) [Pubmed]
  14. Deleterious effect of null phenoloxidase mutation on the survival rate in Drosophila melanogaster. Asada, N., Kawamoto, N., Sezaki, H. Dev. Comp. Immunol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  15. Functional interactions between GTP cyclohydrolase I and tyrosine hydroxylase in Drosophila. Krishnakumar, S., Burton, D., Rasco, J., Chen, X., O'Donnell, J. J. Neurogenet. (2000) [Pubmed]
 
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