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Gene Review

pak1  -  p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1

Xenopus laevis

Synonyms: X-PAK1, XPak1, pak, pak-1, pakalpha
 
 
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High impact information on PAK1

  • Addition of the same X-PAK1 mutant to cell cycle extracts from unfertilized eggs induced apoptosis, as shown by activation of caspases and cytological changes in in vitro-assembled nuclei [1].
  • Microinjection of a catalytically inactive mutant of X-PAK1 with a K/R substitution in the ATP binding site, also deleted of its Nter-half that contains the conserved domains responsible for binding of both Cdc42/Rac GTPases and SH3-containing proteins, greatly facilitates oocyte release from G2/prophase arrest by progesterone and insulin [1].
  • A member of the Ste20/PAK family of protein kinases is involved in both arrest of Xenopus oocytes at G2/prophase of the first meiotic cell cycle and in prevention of apoptosis [1].
  • These results indicate that alphaPIX is activated by PI3-kinase, and is involved in the receptor mediated signaling leading to the activation of the kinase activity of PAK, and the migration of mesodermal cells on extracellular matrix [2].
  • The p21-activated kinase (PAK) proteins regulate many cellular events including cell cycle progression, cell death and survival, and cytoskeleton rearrangements [3].
 

Biological context of PAK1

  • Our results indicate that X-PAK and protein kinase A targets in the control of oocyte maturation are similar and furthermore that this negative regulation is not restricted to meiosis, because we demonstrate that G2/M progression is also prevented in Xenopus cycling extracts in the presence of active X-PAK1 [4].

References

  1. A member of the Ste20/PAK family of protein kinases is involved in both arrest of Xenopus oocytes at G2/prophase of the first meiotic cell cycle and in prevention of apoptosis. Faure, S., Vigneron, S., Dorée, M., Morin, N. EMBO J. (1997) [Pubmed]
  2. alphaPIX nucleotide exchange factor is activated by interaction with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Yoshii, S., Tanaka, M., Otsuki, Y., Wang, D.Y., Guo, R.J., Zhu, Y., Takeda, R., Hanai, H., Kaneko, E., Sugimura, H. Oncogene (1999) [Pubmed]
  3. Xenopus p21-activated kinase 5 regulates blastomeres' adhesive properties during convergent extension movements. Faure, S., Cau, J., de Santa Barbara, P., Bigou, S., Ge, Q., Delsert, C., Morin, N. Dev. Biol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  4. Control of G2/M transition in Xenopus by a member of the p21-activated kinase (PAK) family: a link between protein kinase A and PAK signaling pathways? Faure, S., Vigneron, S., Galas, S., Brassac, T., Delsert, C., Morin, N. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) [Pubmed]
 
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