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Gene Review

GDF6  -  growth differentiation factor 6

Bos taurus

Synonyms: BMP-13, CDMP-2
 
 
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High impact information on CDMP-2

  • METHODS: Adult bovine articular cartilage and postmortem specimens from adult human donors with and without osteoarthritic (OA) lesions were stained by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies specific for CDMP-1 and CDMP-2 [1].
  • In situ hybridization and immunostaining of sections from human embryos showed that CDMP-1 was predominantly found at the stage of precartilaginous mesenchymal condensation and throughout the cartilaginous cores of the developing long bones, whereas CDMP-2 expression was restricted to the hypertrophic chondrocytes of ossifying long bone centers [2].
  • Localization studies and genetic evidence have implicated cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins-1, -2 (CDMP-1 and CDMP-2), and osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) in the osteochondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells during embryonic development and in postnatal life [3].
  • Treatment of periosteum-derived cells with CDMPs and OP-1 resulted in a dose-dependent increase of cell proliferation; CDMP-2 was less active in this regard [3].
  • The preferential expression of cartilage markers in vitro suggests that CDMP-1, CDMP-2, BMP-7, and BMP-6 have the potential to induce differentiation towards a chondrogenic phenotype in ligament fibroblasts [4].
 

Biological context of CDMP-2

  • Detection of potential GDF6 regulatory elements by multispecies sequence comparisons and identification of a skeletal joint enhancer [5].
  • Using sequence data from 14 vertebrate species, we performed novel multispecies comparative analyses to detect highly conserved sequences flanking GDF6 [5].
 

Anatomical context of CDMP-2

  • METHODS: Ligament fibroblasts were obtained from 3 month old calves, plated as monolayers or micromass cultures, and incubated with or without CDMP-1, CDMP-2, BMP-7, and BMP-6 [4].
  • These novel polypeptide hormones (CDMP-1 and CDMP-2) have not been previously reported in laryngeal cartilage chondrocytes [6].

References

  1. Presence of cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins in articular cartilage and enhancement of matrix replacement in vitro. Erlacher, L., Ng, C.K., Ullrich, R., Krieger, S., Luyten, F.P. Arthritis Rheum. (1998) [Pubmed]
  2. Cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins. New members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily predominantly expressed in long bones during human embryonic development. Chang, S.C., Hoang, B., Thomas, J.T., Vukicevic, S., Luyten, F.P., Ryba, N.J., Kozak, C.A., Reddi, A.H., Moos, M. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  3. Effects of cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins and osteogenic protein-1 on osteochondrogenic differentiation of periosteum-derived cells. Gruber, R., Mayer, C., Bobacz, K., Krauth, M.T., Graninger, W., Luyten, F.P., Erlacher, L. Endocrinology (2001) [Pubmed]
  4. Stimulatory effects of distinct members of the bone morphogenetic protein family on ligament fibroblasts. Bobacz, K., Ullrich, R., Amoyo, L., Erlacher, L., Smolen, J.S., Graninger, W.B. Ann. Rheum. Dis. (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. Detection of potential GDF6 regulatory elements by multispecies sequence comparisons and identification of a skeletal joint enhancer. Portnoy, M.E., McDermott, K.J., Antonellis, A., Margulies, E.H., Prasad, A.B., Kingsley, D.M., Green, E.D., Mortlock, D.P. Genomics (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. In vitro regulation of expression of cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins by growth hormone and insulinlike growth factor 1 in the bovine cricoid chondrocyte. Tomaski, S.M., Zalzal, G.H. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. (1999) [Pubmed]
 
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