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Gene Review:

CSF2 - colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte...

Gallus gallus

Synonyms: GM-CSF, GMCSF

Campbell, I.K. et al., Valdembri, D. et al., Stiehm, E.R. et al., Roberts, R.L. et al., Asem, E.K. et al., et al.

Campbell, Rich, Bischof, Dunn, Grail, Hamilton,

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Disease relevance of GMCSF

Histological analyses of joints reflected the clinical scores with GM-CSF treated mice displaying more pronounced pathology (synovitis, pannus formation, cartilage and bone damage) than control mice [1].
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on disease progression in the collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model in mice [1].
CONCLUSION: GM-CSF is a potent accelerator of the pathological events leading to chronic inflammatory polyarthritis in murine CIA supporting the notion that GM-CSF may play a part in inflammatory polyarthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis [1].
Both adult and newborn PMNs lyse CRBCs and herpes simplex virus-infected CEM cells in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays, and this lysis could be enhanced by the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and gamma interferon [2].

High impact information on GMCSF

The EOSs were also much more efficient than neutrophils in lysing chicken erythrocytes when they were activated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor instead of phorbol myristate acetate [3].
Moreover, interleukin-3, granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, interferon-gamma antibodies recognized proteins in basal lamina [4].
In vivo activation of JAK2/STAT-3 pathway during angiogenesis induced by GM-CSF [5].
When added to CAM, subnanomolar concentrations of GM-CSF cause a rapid phosphorylation in tyrosine residues of JAK-2 persisting at least for 10 min [5].
Besides the regulation of hematopoiesis, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces the expression of a functional program in cultured endothelial cells (ECs) related to angiogenesis and to the their survival in bone marrow microenvironment [5].

Regulatory relationships of GMCSF

We now report that GM-CSF in vivo induces angiogenesis and activates JAK-2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)-3 [5].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of GMCSF

Protection from collagen-induced arthritis in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient mice [6].
Three weeks after immunisation the mice were given four to five consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant murine GM-CSF (15 micrograms; 5 x 10(5) U), or vehicle, and arthritis development was monitored by clinical scoring of paws and calliper measurements of footpad swelling [1].
Furthermore, we show that signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)-3, but not STAT-5, also are phosphorylated for 30 min after GM-CSF stimulation [5].

References

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor exacerbates collagen induced arthritis in mice. Campbell, I.K., Bendele, A., Smith, D.A., Hamilton, J.A. Ann. Rheum. Dis. (1997) [Pubmed]
Comparison of cytotoxic properties of neonatal and adult neutrophils and monocytes and enhancement by cytokines. Stiehm, E.R., Roberts, R.L., Ank, B.J., Plaeger-Marshall, S., Salman, N., Shen, L., Fanger, M.W. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. (1994) [Pubmed]
Human eosinophils are more toxic than neutrophils in antibody-independent killing. Roberts, R.L., Ank, B.J., Stiehm, E.R. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1991) [Pubmed]
Identification of some components of basal lamina of avian ovarian follicle. Asem, E.K., Stingley-Salazar, S.R., Robinson, J.P., Turek, J.J. Poult. Sci. (2000) [Pubmed]
In vivo activation of JAK2/STAT-3 pathway during angiogenesis induced by GM-CSF. Valdembri, D., Serini, G., Vacca, A., Ribatti, D., Bussolino, F. FASEB J. (2002) [Pubmed]
Protection from collagen-induced arthritis in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient mice. Campbell, I.K., Rich, M.J., Bischof, R.J., Dunn, A.R., Grail, D., Hamilton, J.A. J. Immunol. (1998) [Pubmed]

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