Disease relevance of TBCA

• Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were not significantly elevated in ALV congenitally infected chickens except in those animals that had been injected with influenza virus in CFA [1].
• Autoimmune glomerulonephritis was induced in chickens by immunization with human, bovine, turkey or chicken glomeruli in CFA [2].

High impact information on TBCA

• On a molar basis, OVA.TBhsp70 was several hundred times more effective than OVA peptide plus CFA in eliciting specific CD8(+) T cell responses [3].
• When lymph node cells were assessed on day 7, antigen specific proliferation was similarly observed both in the mice immunized with IFA and CFA [4].
• Immunoelectron microscopy of SEF17- mutants grown on CFA agar+0.001% Congo red demonstrated the elaboration of an as yet undefined fimbrial structure [5].
• However, growth of SEF17- mutants at 25 degrees C on CFA agar supplemented with 0.001% Congo red resulted in partial recovery of the phenotype [5].
• Comparison of the three maps showed that the CFA 3 genome was approximately 3.5 kb smaller than that of CFA 44 and CFA 40 [6].

Biological context of TBCA

• It is suggested that one mechanism of controlling the presence of CFA 10 on pigeon RBC's may be developmental changes in gene expression mediated through the serum environment [7].
• The antibody response to a "T-independent" antigen (B. abortus) is greatly increased by CFA in dysgammaglobulinemic chickens [8].
• This size difference was discounted as a likely cause of the reduced pathogenicity of CFA 3 as the other mildly virulent virus, CFA 44, was the same size as the hypervirulent CFA 40 [6].

Anatomical context of TBCA

• Unique combinations of the thirteen serologically detectable CFA determinants are expressed on erythroid and lymphoid cells of all avian species tested [9].

Associations of TBCA with chemical compounds

• Sugar inhibition assays using monospecific antisera against CFA 10 verified both the galactose-like specificity of the determinant and the possible significance of an alpha- vs. beta-internal linkage [7].

References