High impact information on Pros28.1A

• Our data suggest that following gene duplication, the alpha4-t1 gene experienced relaxed selective constraints, whereas the alpha4-t2 gene experienced positive selection acting on several codons [1].
• Here we extend these results and show that six of the 20S proteasome subunits, and four of the 19S regulatory cap subunits, have gene duplications encoding male-specific isoforms [2].
• PA200 purified from bovine testis binds the ends of the cylindrical 20S proteasome, forming volcano-shaped structures in negatively stained EM images [3].
• In vitro assays demonstrate that binding of PA200 activates peptide hydrolysis by the 20S proteasome [3].
• PA200, the most recently discovered activator of the 20S proteasome, is a nuclear protein thought to play a role in DNA repair [3].

Biological context of Pros28.1A

• Pros28.1A expression is first detected at the primary spermatocyte stage and persists into the spermatid elongation phase of spermiogenesis, while Pros28.1B expression is prominent only during spermatid elongation [4].

Anatomical context of Pros28.1A

• Previous work had shown that there exist alternative isoforms of the Drosophila melanogaster alpha4-type subunit, encoded by two distinct genes, alpha4t1_dm and alpha4t2_dm, and that these are expressed exclusively in the germline of the testes [5].

References