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Stk19  -  serine/threonine kinase 19

Mus musculus

Synonyms: G11, Protein RP1, RP1, Rp1, Serine/threonine-protein kinase 19
 
 
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Disease relevance of Stk19

  • Located in intron 4 of mouse RP1 is an endogenous retrovirus that probably confers the androgen-responsive expression of the Slp protein in certain male mice [1].
  • These data demonstrate that chronic activation of the Gq/G11-family is sufficient to induce myocardial hypertrophy [2].
  • To study tumors, the G11 PLAP transgene was introduced into the polyoma virus middle T antigen mammary tumor model [3].
  • Distinct gene expression profiles and reduced JNK signaling in retinitis pigmentosa caused by RP1 mutations [4].
  • Pleiotropic effects of Pasteurella multocida toxin are mediated by Gq-dependent and -independent mechanisms. involvement of Gq but not G11 [5].
 

High impact information on Stk19

  • In order to test whether Gq/G11 mediate the physiological hypertrophy response to pressure overload, we generated a mouse line lacking both Galphaq and Galpha11 in cardiomyocytes [2].
  • These mice carry the G11 placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) transgene, a mutant allele rendered incapable of producing its enzyme product by a frameshift caused by insertion of a tract of G:C base pairs in a coding region [3].
  • Target cells were infected with ts mutants in three functions: the viral surface glycoprotein (G protein; ts 045); the matrix (M) protein (ts G31, ts G33), and the polymerase (ts G11) [6].
  • Metabotropic receptors coupled to Gq/G11 family G proteins critically contribute to nervous system functions by modulating synaptic transmission, often facilitating excitation [7].
  • Lysophospholipids Control Integrin-dependent Adhesion in Splenic B Cells through Gi and G12/G13 Family G-proteins but Not through Gq/G11 [8].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Stk19

  • Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were intubated with two doses of a 25% solution of ethanol or water (2.9 g/kg body weight) 4 hr apart on gestation day 7 (G7), G10, or G11 [9].
 

Biological context of Stk19

  • Cloning and characterization of the mouse RP1 cDNA revealed a reading frame for 254 amino acids with a bipartite nuclear localization signal close to the amino terminus [1].
  • The mouse RP1 gene consists of 7 exons and spans 12.9 kb [1].
  • Signal transduction and hormone-dependent internalization of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor in cells lacking Gq and G11 [10].
  • Parathyroid-Specific Double Knockout of Gq and G11 {alpha}-Subunits Leads to a Phenotype Resembling Germline Knockout of the Extracellular Ca2+-Sensing Receptor [11].
  • Comparison of agonist regulation of inositol phosphate generation and Gq alpha/G11 alpha down-regulation demonstrated that effects on inositol phosphate production were approximately 3-fold more potent [12].
 

Anatomical context of Stk19

  • We investigated the involvement of G12 or G13 in stress fiber formation induced through a variety of Gq/G11-coupled receptors [13].
  • Using this approach, two antibodies, G11 and M13, were identified which detect equatorial segment epitopes presented de novo by sperm following an A23187-induced acrosome reaction [14].
  • Identification and subcellular localization of the RP1 protein in human and mouse photoreceptors [15].
  • We found that bombesin and vasopressin, with very similar potencies and time dependencies, induce the activation of both Gq and G11 in Swiss 3T3 cells, suggesting that these G-proteins, at least in part, serve interchangable functions [16].
  • In particular the expression of RP1 and RP2 correlated with the relative tumorigenicity of the cell lines [17].
 

Associations of Stk19 with chemical compounds

  • The activation of the Gq/G11-coupled endothelin ETB and angiotensin AT1A receptors failed to induce stress fiber formation [13].
  • To examine the conformation of the particulate expressed forms of murine G11 alpha, these fractions were treated with various concentrations of sodium cholate and immunoblots were subsequently performed on the solubilized and remaining particulate proteins [18].
  • Mutations of Cys-9 to serine, Cys-10 to serine and a combination of both alterations were produced in a cDNA encoding murine G11 alpha to potentially interfere with the ability of the expressed polypeptides to act as substrates for post-translational palmitoylation [18].
  • However, female G11 KO mice produced less estradiol in response to Buserelin (2 microg) compared with control strain [19].
  • Male G11 KO mice produced more testosterone than the control mice after 1 h of stimulation by 2 microg of Buserelin, whereas there was no significant difference in Buserelin stimulated testosterone levels between Gq KO and heterozygous control mice [19].
 

Other interactions of Stk19

  • To investigate the function of the RP1 protein in photoreceptors and gain insight into the mechanism of disease, gene-targeting techniques were used to produce mice with a mutant Rp1 allele that mimics the truncation alleles found to cause disease [20].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Stk19

  • Immunoblotting with antisera selective for either Gq alpha or G11 alpha confirmed their coexpression [12].
  • Analysis of mRNA by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction indicated the coexpression by alpha T3-1 cells of mRNA corresponding to both Gq alpha and G11 alpha [12].
  • Both G11 KO and Gq KO male mice released LH in response to Buserelin (2 microg/100 microl of vehicle; 363 +/- 53 pg/25 microl and 749 +/- 50 pg/25 microl 1 h after treatment, respectively) [19].
  • Anti-gliadin IgA in circulation as well as in renal deposit eluates were significantly increased in gluten-eating mice (G10 and G11) as compared with the gluten-free control group G8 [21].
  • To analyze the selectivity of delta receptor subtypes to regulate different classes of G proteins, the expression of the alpha-subunits of Gi2, Gi3, Go1, Go2, Gq and G11 transducer proteins was reduced by administration of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) complementary to sequences in their respective mRNAs [22].

References

  1. Organizations and gene duplications of the human and mouse MHC complement gene clusters. Yang, Z., Yu, C.Y. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. (2000) [Pubmed]
  2. Absence of pressure overload induced myocardial hypertrophy after conditional inactivation of Galphaq/Galpha11 in cardiomyocytes. Wettschureck, N., Rütten, H., Zywietz, A., Gehring, D., Wilkie, T.M., Chen, J., Chien, K.R., Offermanns, S. Nat. Med. (2001) [Pubmed]
  3. Modeling variation in tumors in vivo. Stringer, J.R., Larson, J.S., Fischer, J.M., Medvedovic, M., Hersh, M.N., Boivin, G.P., Stringer, S.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2005) [Pubmed]
  4. Distinct gene expression profiles and reduced JNK signaling in retinitis pigmentosa caused by RP1 mutations. Liu, J., Huang, Q., Higdon, J., Liu, W., Xie, T., Yamashita, T., Cheon, K., Cheng, C., Zuo, J. Hum. Mol. Genet. (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. Pleiotropic effects of Pasteurella multocida toxin are mediated by Gq-dependent and -independent mechanisms. involvement of Gq but not G11. Zywietz, A., Gohla, A., Schmelz, M., Schultz, G., Offermanns, S. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) [Pubmed]
  6. Natural killer cell recognition of target cells expressing different antigens of vesicular stomatitis virus. Moller, J.R., Rager-Zisman, B., Quan, P.C., Schattner, A., Panush, D., Rose, J.K., Bloom, B.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1985) [Pubmed]
  7. Forebrain-specific inactivation of Gq/G11 family G proteins results in age-dependent epilepsy and impaired endocannabinoid formation. Wettschureck, N., van der Stelt, M., Tsubokawa, H., Krestel, H., Moers, A., Petrosino, S., Schütz, G., Di Marzo, V., Offermanns, S. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  8. Lysophospholipids Control Integrin-dependent Adhesion in Splenic B Cells through Gi and G12/G13 Family G-proteins but Not through Gq/G11. Rieken, S., Herroeder, S., Sassmann, A., Wallenwein, B., Moers, A., Offermanns, S., Wettschureck, N. J. Biol. Chem. (2006) [Pubmed]
  9. Acute prenatal ethanol exposure and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone messenger RNA expression in the fetal mouse brain. Scott, H.C., Zoeller, R.T., Rudeen, P.K. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. (1995) [Pubmed]
  10. Signal transduction and hormone-dependent internalization of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor in cells lacking Gq and G11. Yu, R., Hinkle, P.M. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  11. Parathyroid-Specific Double Knockout of Gq and G11 {alpha}-Subunits Leads to a Phenotype Resembling Germline Knockout of the Extracellular Ca2+-Sensing Receptor. Wettschureck, N., Lee, E., Libutti, S.K., Offermanns, S., Robey, P.G., Spiegel, A.M. Mol. Endocrinol. (2007) [Pubmed]
  12. The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor of alpha T3-1 pituitary cells regulates cellular levels of both of the phosphoinositidase C-linked G proteins, Gq alpha and G11 alpha, equally. Shah, B.H., Milligan, G. Mol. Pharmacol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  13. Differential involvement of Galpha12 and Galpha13 in receptor-mediated stress fiber formation. Gohla, A., Offermanns, S., Wilkie, T.M., Schultz, G. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  14. Monoclonal antibodies which recognize equatorial segment epitopes presented de novo following the A23187-induced acrosome reaction of guinea pig sperm. Allen, C.A., Green, D.P. J. Cell. Sci. (1995) [Pubmed]
  15. Identification and subcellular localization of the RP1 protein in human and mouse photoreceptors. Liu, Q., Zhou, J., Daiger, S.P., Farber, D.B., Heckenlively, J.R., Smith, J.E., Sullivan, L.S., Zuo, J., Milam, A.H., Pierce, E.A. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2002) [Pubmed]
  16. Gq and G11 are concurrently activated by bombesin and vasopressin in Swiss 3T3 cells. Offermanns, S., Heiler, E., Spicher, K., Schultz, G. FEBS Lett. (1994) [Pubmed]
  17. Development of an in vitro model of tumor progression using v-raf and v-raf/v-myc transformed rat liver epithelial cells: correlation of tumorigenicity with the downregulation of specific proteins. Worland, P.J., Hampton, L.L., Thorgeirsson, S.S., Huggett, A.C. Mol. Carcinog. (1990) [Pubmed]
  18. The role of palmitoylation of the guanine nucleotide binding protein G11 alpha in defining interaction with the plasma membrane. McCallum, J.F., Wise, A., Grassie, M.A., Magee, A.I., Guzzi, F., Parenti, M., Milligan, G. Biochem. J. (1995) [Pubmed]
  19. Gonadotropin and gonadal steroid release in response to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in Gqalpha and G11alpha knockout mice. Stanislaus, D., Janovick, J.A., Ji, T., Wilkie, T.M., Offermanns, S., Conn, P.M. Endocrinology (1998) [Pubmed]
  20. RP1 is required for the correct stacking of outer segment discs. Liu, Q., Lyubarsky, A., Skalet, J.H., Pugh, E.N., Pierce, E.A. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2003) [Pubmed]
  21. Gluten-induced experimental IgA glomerulopathy. Coppo, R., Mazzucco, G., Martina, G., Roccatello, D., Amore, A., Novara, R., Bargoni, A., Piccoli, G., Sena, L.M. Lab. Invest. (1989) [Pubmed]
  22. delta Opioid receptor subtypes activate inositol-signaling pathways in the production of antinociception. Sánchez-Blázquez, P., Garzón, J. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1998) [Pubmed]
 
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