Disease relevance of TLR1

• Although the rAD-Gag boost did not elevate the frequency of Th1 memory cytokine responses, there was a striking increase in HIV Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses after the boost in all animals that had received a primary immunization with any of the TLR adjuvants [1].

High impact information on TLR1

• Toll-like receptor agonists influence the magnitude and quality of memory T cell responses after prime-boost immunization in nonhuman primates [1].
• Here, we assessed the capacity of different Toll like receptor (TLR)-binding compounds to influence T helper cell (Th)1 and CD8+ T cell responses when used as adjuvants in nonhuman primates (NHP) with HIV Gag as a model antigen [1].
• Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed macaque-specific changes mostly outside the conserved "Box" regions of the TLR/TIR domain [2].
• This first presentation of the TLR/TIR domain sequences from nonhuman primates indicates that although there are species-specific differences, a high level of sequence homology exists in the critical signaling Box regions of macaque, human, and murine TLR/TIR domains [2].

Anatomical context of TLR1

• Importantly, the presence and type of TLR adjuvant used during primary immunization conferred stability and dramatically influenced the magnitude and quality of the Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses after the rAD-Gag boost [1].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TLR1

• These findings suggest that animal models, including nonhuman primates, will be useful in modeling human TLR pathophysiology and therapy [2].

References