Disease relevance of Dlst

• Transgenic mice aberrantly expressing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 component on biliary epithelial cells do not show primary biliary cirrhosis [1].
• 3H-palmitate label was associated with E2, one of the two virion glycoproteins and its intracellular precursor gp 150 [2].
• In the K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated squamous cell cancers, HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes and E1 and E2 regulatory genes are driven by the K14 keratinocyte-specific promoter [3].

High impact information on Dlst

• The megakaryocyte/erythrocyte-specific transcription factor, p45 NF-E2, is essential for initiating PPF, but the factor regulating PPF has not been identified [4].
• Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a bZIP transcription factor, plays a central role in the regulation (basal and or inducible expression) of phase 2 genes by binding to the "antioxidant response element" in their promoters [5].
• These results indicate that the wild-type bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome encodes an E2 repressor protein that moderates the viral transforming activity and allows maintenance of the viral DNA at a relatively low copy number [6].
• The methionine codon at bovine papillomavirus type 1 nucleotide 3091 was mutated to determine whether it may serve as an initiation codon for an E2 transcriptional repressor protein and to determine the role of the repressor in the biological activities of the virus [6].
• It is likely that the role of the BPV-1 E2 product(s) in transformation and plasmid maintenance is indirect [7].

Biological context of Dlst

• We examined bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNAs mutated in the E2 open reading frame (ORF) to determine their ability (i) to transform C127 cells and (ii) to remain extrachromosomal in transfected cells [7].
• Results obtained with deletion mutants and insertion mutants containing a linker with translational termination codons in all possible reading frames indicated that an E2 ORF gene product(s) is necessary for efficient transformation, as well as viral plasmid replication and maintenance in the context of the full BPV-1 genome [7].
• Previous studies showed that the epitopes aa481-500 and aa551-570 of E2 might be important for immunoreactivity and that the binding site of E2 for hCD81 is located at aa480-493 and aa544-551 within the E2 protein [8].
• The addition of fatty acid to the MHV-A 59 E 2 protein is therefore not dependent on glycosylation [2].
• Recombinant E2 protein vaccination following DNA immunization significantly increased the antibody response in piglets [9].

Anatomical context of Dlst

• Complementation assays in which mutant BPV-1 DNAs were transfected into cell lines expressing some viral functions from integrated BPV-1 cDNAs demonstrated that the E2 ORF product, when provided in trans, could allow BPV-1 E2 mutants to remain extrachromosomal [7].
• A relatively high percentage of the free arachidonic acid formed in delta-toxin-treated 3T3 cells was converted to prostaglandins (up to 41.3% and 8.3% converted to chromatographically identifiable prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha, respectively, in 30 min), with optimal conversion occurring at sublytic toxin concentrations [10].
• 17 beta-oestradiol (E2) and/or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) had no effect on the expression of isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the masseter muscle of intact male mice [11].

Associations of Dlst with chemical compounds

• The rate of estrone (E1)----estradiol-17 beta (E2) or E2----E1 conversion catalyzed by 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) activity was determined for each mouse embryo in modified F-10 medium containing 0.95 microM 3H-E1 or 3H-E2 [12].
• At embryonic day (E)1 to E2, when the spatial determination of the eye primordia takes place, no RA synthesis by aldehyde dehydrogenases was detectable, and neither immunoreactivity for retinaldehyde dehydrogenase RALDH-2 nor for cellular retinoic acid binding protein CRABP-I was observed [13].
• We employed a recombinant protein containing a dual-headed molecule that coexpresses the immunodominant epitope of the E2 subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase complex [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dlst

• The immunogenicities of wild type E2 and three mutated E2 proteins were analyzed in BALB/c mice using DNA vaccination [8].
• Similarly, addition of exogenous E2 peptide to fetal thymic organ culture resulted in efficient deletion of double-positive thymocytes [15].
• RESULTS: Intradermal injection of E2 DNA vaccine induced strong Th1-like immune responses in mice [9].

References