Disease relevance of ANC

• Confusion over Mandela's "support" of ANC HIV policy [1].
• Only 1 in 4 displayed a transient period of neutropenia (neutrophil [ANC] count < 0.5 x 10(9)/L), whereas all irradiated controls (n = 4) experienced neutropenia (5-12 days) and thrombocytopenia (platelet [PLT] count < 20 x 10(9)/L, 5-31 days) [2].
• Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; 5 microg/kg/day) was administered s.c. from day 6, routinely after 250 mg/m2 dose of paclitaxel or after a lower dose of paclitaxel if ANC <500/microl or febrile neutropenia was observed [3].
• Myelosuppression was the principal toxicity, with a median nadir ANC cycle 1 of 0.76 x 10(9) cells/liter and a 40% overall incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia [4].
• His ANC did not fall below 0.2 x 10(9)/l, his lowest WBC was 0.6 x 10(9)/l, and his platelets did not fall below 28 x 10(9)/l. He had normal engraftment, with no mucositis or organ toxicity [5].

Psychiatry related information on ANC

• Hence, as far as ANC in the brain-stem is concerned, no continuum seems to exist between normal senility and senile dementia [6].
• On return to ANC (inbound), there was considerable slow wave sleep (SWS) rebound and multiple awakenings reduced sleep efficiency to 76.8% [7].
• Also preventing those anomalies commonly associated with weight-loss diets, such as hunger, weakness, headache caused by ketosis, constipation, or decreased libido, the use of MAP, in conjunction with the ANC/OMP, allowed for mean weight loss of 1.4 kg (3 lb) per week [8].

High impact information on ANC

• Significant improvements in neutrophil nadir and duration of ANC less than 500 were observed in cycles A-2 and B-1 (with PIXY321) as compared with cycle A-1 (without PIXY321) [9].
• The median number of days to an absolute granulocyte count (ANC) of greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L was 10 days for G-CSF primed versus 20 days for the unprimed (P = .0001) [10].
• However, oxidative phosphorylation is not always close to equilibrium, at least in isolated mitochondria, and relative proximity to equilibrium does not prevent the respiratory chain, the proton leak, the ATP synthase and ANC having significant control over the fluxes [11].
• We were able to identify two groups of patients with statistically different neutropenia durations with median durations until hematological recovery of ANC >/=0.5 and >/=1.0 x 10(9)/l, being respectively 6 versus 4 days (P = 0.03) and 8 versus 6 days (P = 0.01) [12].
• Inverted repeat sequences that contain the general motif NCC or ANC favor formation of stacked-X junctions, with the junction cross-over occurring between the first two positions of the trinucleotides [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of ANC

• MTD was the liposomal daunorubicin dose associated with 20% dose-limiting toxicity (ANC < 500/mm3 for > 5 days or febrile neutropenia) [14].
• In patients receiving CY plus melphalan followed by PBPC reinfusion, the median duration of neutropenia (ANC < 500/microliters) and thrombocytopenia (platelets < 2500 microliters) was only 5 and 2 days respectively, and did not increase after the subsequent courses [15].
• Toxicity was similar to that observed with cyclophosphamide/TBI with the median duration of neutropenia (ANC < 500/microliters) being 19 days (range 10-27) and the median duration of thrombocytopenia being 23 days (range 13-173) [16].
• In all four patients, relative neutropenia was present (ANC 35, 3, 24 and 46% of pretreatment) that resolved by the end of the pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin infusion [17].
• Reasons other than neutropenia for discontinuing use of deferiprone included nausea (4), voluntary withdrawal (3), high ALT (2), platelet count < 100,000/mm3 (2), low but unconfirmed ANC (1), protocol violation (1) fatigue (1), and depression (1) [18].

Biological context of ANC

• CONCLUSION: The transfusion of G-CSF-mobilized, HLA-matched LA components to allogeneic BMT recipients resulted in significant and sustained increments in the ANC and the platelet count [19].
• A steep and significant sigmoid relationship was established between the AUC and the percent decrease of ANC [20].
• STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study describes the kinetics of and analyzes the factors determining the ANC and platelet count increments seen with each of three transfusions of granulocytes collected from HLA-matched sibling donors receiving G-CSF (n = 10; maximum of 3 LA procedures/donor) [19].
• Stable and complete hemopoietic reconstitution (Hb > 12 g/dL, WB > 4.0 x 10(9)/L, ANC > 1.5 x 10(9)/L and Pits count > 150 x 10(9)/L), morphological examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow, cytogenetic analysis and immunological profile were evaluated at 12 months and yearly thereafter [21].
• Seven patients recovered hematopoiesis at medians of 12 days (8-15) for ANC >0.5 x 10(3)/microl and 14 days (8-27) for platelets >20 x 10(3)/microl [22].

Anatomical context of ANC

• Ten of 11 allo-BMT patients treated for secondary bone marrow failure attained an ANC higher than 0.5 x 10(9)/L, but most became severely neutropenic again at a median time of 4 weeks [23].
• Compared with healthy individuals, patients with TSL showed an increase in the total WBC, absolute lymphocyte (ALC), absolute neutrophil (ANC), and platelet counts with no difference in hemoglobin levels [24].
• Early engraftment with leukocyte counts at days 8 and 14 were 350 and 700/microl, ANC 310 and 410/microl, respectively [25].
• In logistic regression analysis, the following factors were important for engraftment of ANC >0.5 x 10(9)/l: peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPCT) (P = 0.003) and mononuclear cells (MNC) > or =2.5 x 10(8)/kg recipient in the graft (above median) (P = 0.009) in univariate analysis [26].
• No relationship was found between the infused numbers of MNC, CD33+ and CD33- subsets observed and the numbers of days to reach predetermined absolute neutrophil (ANC), platelet and reticulocyte counts [27].

Associations of ANC with chemical compounds

• The mean ANC nadir and the mean number of days with ANC < 0.5 x 10(9) l(-1) were 0.5 x 10(9) l(-1) and 2.5 days, respectively, with/without melatonin [28].
• Results indicate that under the Clean Air Act, surface water SO4(2-) concentrations will continue to decrease at a median rate of -0.38 microeq/L-yr, and surface water ANC is predicted to increase at a median rate of 0.11 microeq/L-yr [29].
• Twenty-three patients aged 1 2-17.5 years with refractory (n=3), relapsed (n=19) or secondary (n=11) AML were treated with the IDA-FLAG regimen, a combination therapy of idarubicin (days 2-4, 12 mg/m2/d), fludarabine (days 1-4, 30 mg/m2/d), cytarabine (days 1-4, 2000mg/ m2/d) and G-CSF (day 0 up to ANC > 1 x 10(9)/l, 400 microg/m2/ d) [30].
• When engraftment of neutrophils (ANC) reached 100/microl, patients received oral roquinimex twice weekly, escalating to a maximal dose of 0.2 mg/kg in 2 weeks [31].
• Eligible patients could have received up to two prior chemotherapy regimens in the metastatic setting and had to have an ANC > 1500/mm2, PLT > 100000 m3, creatinine < 2.0 mg/dl, bilirubin < 2.0 mg/dL, SGOT not more than three times normal, and performance status 0-1 [32].

Other interactions of ANC

• The use of G-CSF for children with ALL was associated with reductions in days to ANC recovery, fewer documented infections, a shorter duration of hospitalization, and small (but not significant) additional costs [33].
• The time to reach ANC >0.5 x 10(9)/l was a median of 16 days in the PBSC and CD34 groups, compared to 20 days in the bone marrow controls (P < 0.001 vs PBSC) [34].
• Administration of post-transplant G-CSF and MGDF shortened the period of neutropenia (ANC < 500/microL) from 13 +/- 4 (Group I) to 10 +/- 4 (Group III) days for animals transplanted with non-expanded CD34+ PBPC [35].
• Hematopoietic recovery was swift with ANC >0.5 x 10(9)/l on day 11 median (range 10-15) and platelets >20 x 10(9)/l on day 12 median (range 10-15) after reinfusion of the stem cells on day 0 [36].
• Stem cell collection started upon ANC recovery over 1000/mm(3) [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ANC

• A rapid hematological recovery was observed in most patients, with ANC >500/microL and Plt >20,000/microl values reached at a median of 11 and 10 days since autograft, respectively [38].
• PBSC transplant patients achieved an ANC of 500/microL 6 days faster (p < 0.05) and had a 10-day shorter hospitalization (p < 0.05) than ABMT patients [39].
• Normal human volunteers showed higher than baseline ANC for around 9 to 10 days after a single injection of SD/01 [40].
• All patients achieved recovery of ANC to >1.5 x 10(9)/l by the time of scheduled retreatment [41].
• All the 23 patients undergoing transplantation engrafted (ANC >0.5 x 10(9)/l) at a median of 12 days [42].

References