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Gene Review:

soxR - redox-sensitive transcriptional activator...

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Synonyms: ECK4055, JW4024, marC

Amábile-Cuevas, C.F. et al., Nunoshiba, T. et al., Wu, J. et al., van der Straaten, T. et al., Zhang, Q.M. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of soxR

The soxR locus of Escherichia coli K12 mediates transcriptional activation of a complex oxidative stress regulon in response to superoxide-generating (redox-cycling) agents [1].
Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium have evolved genetic systems, such as the soxR/S and marA regulons, to detoxify reactive oxygen species, like superoxide, which are formed as by-products of metabolism [2].

High impact information on soxR

No constitutive mutation was found within the region encoding the cysteines of the SoxR FeS center, in the soxR or soxS promoters, or in the soxS structural gene [3].
DNA sequence analysis of the soxR genes from the soxRS-constitutive strains isolated originally (Greenberg et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 6181-6185) revealed that three alleles encode amino acid substitutions or a chain termination clustered near the C-terminus of SoxR [3].
We have cloned the soxR locus, which is positioned near the uvrA gene at 92.2 min on the genetic map, by monitoring complementation of a delta soxR mutation [1].
DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of two genes involved in activating the soxR regulon [1].
On the other hand, the mutation frequency was significantly increased by the SMF exposure in soxR and sodAsodB mutants, which are defective in defence mechanisms against oxidative stress [4].

Biological context of soxR

These functions were revealed by studies in which the sequence of the 1.1-kb soxR-soxS region was determined, the 5' ends of the mRNAs were mapped, and complementation tests were performed with soxRS plasmids containing deletions of known sequence [5].
We show that constitutive soxS expression in three out of six strains was caused by single point mutations in the soxR gene [6].
The genes form a cluster with the sarcosine oxidase gene (soxA) and its regulator gene (soxR), which were cloned previously [7].
Moreover, an unexpected increase of soxS gene expression independent of a functional soxR gene in UVB-irradiated cells has been verified [8].

Other interactions of soxR

These genes, named soxR and soxS, are arranged divergently with their 5' ends separated by only 85 bp [1].

References

Molecular characterization of the soxRS genes of Escherichia coli: two genes control a superoxide stress regulon. Amábile-Cuevas, C.F., Demple, B. Nucleic Acids Res. (1991) [Pubmed]
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium RamA, intracellular oxidative stress response, and bacterial virulence. van der Straaten, T., Zulianello, L., van Diepen, A., Granger, D.L., Janssen, R., van Dissel, J.T. Infect. Immun. (2004) [Pubmed]
A cluster of constitutive mutations affecting the C-terminus of the redox-sensitive SoxR transcriptional activator. Nunoshiba, T., Demple, B. Nucleic Acids Res. (1994) [Pubmed]
Strong static magnetic field and the induction of mutations through elevated production of reactive oxygen species in Escherichia coli soxR. Zhang, Q.M., Tokiwa, M., Doi, T., Nakahara, T., Chang, P.W., Nakamura, N., Hori, M., Miyakoshi, J., Yonei, S. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. (2003) [Pubmed]
Two divergently transcribed genes, soxR and soxS, control a superoxide response regulon of Escherichia coli. Wu, J., Weiss, B. J. Bacteriol. (1991) [Pubmed]
Constitutive soxR mutations contribute to multiple-antibiotic resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolates. Koutsolioutsou, A., Peña-Llopis, S., Demple, B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2005) [Pubmed]
Gene cluster for creatinine degradation in Arthrobacter sp. TE1826. Nishiya, Y., Toda, A., Imanaka, T. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1998) [Pubmed]
Does UVB radiation induce SoxS gene expression in Escherichia coli cells? Gomes, A.A., Asad, L.M., Felzenszwalb, I., Leitão, A.C., Silva, A.B., Guillobel, H.C., Asad, N.R. Radiation and environmental biophysics. (2004) [Pubmed]

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