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MeSH Review

Xanthobacter

 
 
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Disease relevance of Xanthobacter

  • The number of enzymes thought to have nonheme diiron sites has been expanded to include alkene monooxygenase from Xanthobacter strain Py2 and the membrane bound alkane hydroxylase from Pseudomonas oleovorans (AlkB) [1].
  • Two short-chain dehydrogenases confer stereoselectivity for enantiomers of epoxypropane in the multiprotein epoxide carboxylating systems of Xanthobacter strain Py2 and Nocardia corallina B276 [2].
  • Expression and regulation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Xanthobacter flavus CO2 fixation genes in a photosynthetic bacterial host [3].
  • An esterase homologue located directly upstream of the Xanthobacter BVMO gene and a dehydrogenase homologue encoded directly downstream of the Comamonas sp. NCIMB 9872 BVMO gene were also expressed in E. coli and shown to specify lactone hydrolase and cyclohexanol dehydrogenase activity respectively [4].
  • DNA isolated from two diazotrophic methylotrophs, the obligate methanotroph Methylosinus sp. strain 6 and the methanol autotroph Xanthobacter sp. H4-14, hybridized to DNA fragments encoding nitrogen fixation (nif) genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae [5].
 

High impact information on Xanthobacter

  • In the present work, coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid), a compound previously found only in the methanogenic Archaea where it serves as a methyl group carrier and activator, has been identified as the thiol and central cofactor of aliphatic epoxide carboxylation in the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthobacter strain Py2 [6].
  • Acetone metabolism in the aerobic bacterium Xanthobacter strain Py2 proceeds by a carboxylation reaction forming acetoacetate as the first detectable product [7].
  • The L-2-haloacid dehalogenase from the 1,2-dichloroethane-degrading bacterium Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 catalyzes the hydrolytic dehalogenation of small L-2-haloalkanoates to their corresponding D-2-hydroxyalkanoates, with inversion of the configuration at the C(2) atom [8].
  • Three-dimensional structure of L-2-haloacid dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 complexed with the substrate-analogue formate [9].
  • Epoxide metabolism in the aerobic bacterium Xanthobacter strain Py2 proceeds by an NADPH- and NAD+-dependent carboxylation reaction that forms beta-keto acids as products [10].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Xanthobacter

  • The first step in the utilization of the xenobiotic chlorinated hydrocarbon 1,2-dichloroethane by Xanthobacter autotrophicus is catalyzed by haloalkane dehalogenase (Dh1A) [11].
  • Alkene monooxygenase from Xanthobacter strain Py2 is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the O2- and NADH-dependent epoxidation of short chain (C2 to C6) alkenes to their corresponding epoxides as the initial step in the utilization of aliphatic alkenes as carbon and energy sources [12].
  • In Xanthobacter, these alcohols are further catabolized by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, and by the product of the dhlB gene to a second halide and a hydroxyacid [13].
  • Purification and characterization of two components of epoxypropane isomerase/carboxylase from Xanthobacter Py2 [14].
  • These results with T4MOC call into question certain 1H assignments recently reported on the basis of NOE measurements for the comparable Rieske ferredoxin component of an evolutionarily related alkene monooxygenase from Xanthobacter sp. Py2 [Holz, R. C., Small, F. J., and Ensign, S. A, (1997) Biochemistry 36, 14690-14696] [15].
 

Biological context of Xanthobacter

 

Gene context of Xanthobacter

  • The electron transfer components of alkene monooxygenase were highly specific: other reductase activities present in Xanthobacter were incapable of transferring electrons to the Rieske-type ferredoxin or substituting for the reductase in the alkene monooxygenase complex [12].
  • This phenomenon was attributed to the presence of a heterotrophic bacterium (strain DA4), which was identified as Xanthobacter autotrophicus, in the MU-81 culture [20].
  • A novel type of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase is essential for NAD+- and NADPH-dependent degradation of epoxyalkanes by Xanthobacter strain Py2 [21].
  • CbbR, a LysR-type transcriptional activator, is required for expression of the autotrophic CO2 fixation enzymes of Xanthobacter flavus [22].
  • Both the haloalkane dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 (DhlA) and that from Rhodococcus sp. strain m15-3 (DhaA) were found to dehalogenate trihalopropanes to 2,3-dihalogenated propanols, but the kinetic properties of the latter enzyme are much better [23].

References

  1. Oxygen activating nonheme iron enzymes. Lange, S.J., Que, L. Current opinion in chemical biology. (1998) [Pubmed]
  2. Two short-chain dehydrogenases confer stereoselectivity for enantiomers of epoxypropane in the multiprotein epoxide carboxylating systems of Xanthobacter strain Py2 and Nocardia corallina B276. Allen, J.R., Ensign, S.A. Biochemistry (1999) [Pubmed]
  3. Expression and regulation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Xanthobacter flavus CO2 fixation genes in a photosynthetic bacterial host. Falcone, D.L., Tabita, F.R. J. Bacteriol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  4. Cloning of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases from Comamonas, Xanthobacter and Rhodococcus using polymerase chain reaction with highly degenerate primers. Van Beilen, J.B., Mourlane, F., Seeger, M.A., Kovac, J., Li, Z., Smits, T.H., Fritsche, U., Witholt, B. Environ. Microbiol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  5. DNA hybridization analysis of the nif region of two methylotrophs and molecular cloning of nif-specific DNA. Toukdarian, A.E., Lidstrom, M.E. J. Bacteriol. (1984) [Pubmed]
  6. A role for coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) in a bacterial pathway of aliphatic epoxide carboxylation. Allen, J.R., Clark, D.D., Krum, J.G., Ensign, S.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1999) [Pubmed]
  7. Purification and characterization of acetone carboxylase from Xanthobacter strain Py2. Sluis, M.K., Ensign, S.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1997) [Pubmed]
  8. Crystal structures of intermediates in the dehalogenation of haloalkanoates by L-2-haloacid dehalogenase. Ridder, I.S., Rozeboom, H.J., Kalk, K.H., Dijkstra, B.W. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  9. Three-dimensional structure of L-2-haloacid dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 complexed with the substrate-analogue formate. Ridder, I.S., Rozeboom, H.J., Kalk, K.H., Janssen, D.B., Dijkstra, B.W. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  10. Purification to homogeneity and reconstitution of the individual components of the epoxide carboxylase multiprotein enzyme complex from Xanthobacter strain Py2. Allen, J.R., Ensign, S.A. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  11. The role of spontaneous cap domain mutations in haloalkane dehalogenase specificity and evolution. Pries, F., van den Wijngaard, A.J., Bos, R., Pentenga, M., Janssen, D.B. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  12. Alkene monooxygenase from Xanthobacter strain Py2. Purification and characterization of a four-component system central to the bacterial metabolism of aliphatic alkenes. Small, F.J., Ensign, S.A. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  13. A bacterial haloalkane dehalogenase gene as a negative selectable marker in Arabidopsis. Naested, H., Fennema, M., Hao, L., Andersen, M., Janssen, D.B., Mundy, J. Plant J. (1999) [Pubmed]
  14. Purification and characterization of two components of epoxypropane isomerase/carboxylase from Xanthobacter Py2. Chion, C.K., Leak, D.J. Biochem. J. (1996) [Pubmed]
  15. Detection and classification of hyperfine-shifted 1H, 2H, and 15N resonances of the Rieske ferredoxin component of toluene 4-monooxygenase. Xia, B., Pikus, J.D., Xia, W., McClay, K., Steffan, R.J., Chae, Y.K., Westler, W.M., Markley, J.L., Fox, B.G. Biochemistry (1999) [Pubmed]
  16. Involvement of a large plasmid in the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane by Xanthobacter autotrophicus. Tardif, G., Greer, C.W., Labbé, D., Lau, P.C. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1991) [Pubmed]
  17. Primary structure and phylogeny of the Calvin cycle enzymes transketolase and fructosebisphosphate aldolase of Xanthobacter flavus. van den Bergh, E.R., Baker, S.C., Raggers, R.J., Terpstra, P., Woudstra, E.C., Dijkhuizen, L., Meijer, W.G. J. Bacteriol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  18. The Calvin cycle enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase of Xanthobacter flavus required for autotrophic CO2 fixation is not encoded by the cbb operon. Meijer, W.G. J. Bacteriol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  19. Isolation, complementation and partial characterization of mutants of the methanol autotroph Xanthobacter H4-14 defective in methanol dissimilation. Weaver, C.A., Lidstrom, M.E. J. Gen. Microbiol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  20. Role of heterotrophic bacteria in complete mineralization of trichloroethylene by Methylocystis sp. strain M. Uchiyama, H., Nakajima, T., Yagi, O., Nakahara, T. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  21. A novel type of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase is essential for NAD+- and NADPH-dependent degradation of epoxyalkanes by Xanthobacter strain Py2. Swaving, J., de Bont, J.A., Westphal, A., de Kok, A. J. Bacteriol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  22. CbbR, a LysR-type transcriptional activator, is required for expression of the autotrophic CO2 fixation enzymes of Xanthobacter flavus. van den Bergh, E.R., Dijkhuizen, L., Meijer, W.G. J. Bacteriol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  23. Utilization of trihalogenated propanes by Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 through heterologous expression of the haloalkane dehalogenase from Rhodococcus sp. strain M15-3. Bosma, T., Kruizinga, E., de Bruin, E.J., Poelarends, G.J., Janssen, D.B. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1999) [Pubmed]
 
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