Disease relevance of Orthoreovirus, Avian

• Treatment of primary cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts with a recombinant chicken alpha/beta interferon (rcIFN) induces an antiviral state that causes a strong inhibition of vaccinia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus replication but has no effect on avian reovirus S1133 replication [1].
• One-day-old specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chicks were dually infected with the Cux-1 isolate of chicken anemia virus (CAV) and separate avian reovirus strains (S1133 or Uchida) by an oral route [2].
• Our data support the hypothesis that virion genome dsRNA constitutes the interferon inducer moiety of avian reoviruses and that in its permissive host cell the processing of genome dsRNA from most particles to a putative recognition site in the cytoplasm occurs naturally with a high probability [3].

High impact information on Orthoreovirus, Avian

• Both its permeabilizing effect and the fact that p10 shares several structural and physical characteristics with other membrane-active viral proteins indicate that p10 is an avian reovirus viroporin [4].
• Avian reovirus and Nelson Bay reovirus are two unusual nonenveloped viruses that induce extensive cell-cell fusion via expression of a small nonstructural protein, termed p10 [5].
• Possible involvement of the double-stranded RNA-binding core protein sigmaA in the resistance of avian reovirus to interferon [1].
• The stimulatory effect of actinomycin D on avian reovirus replication in L cells suggests that translational competition dictates the fate of the infection [6].
• A number of field isolates of avian reovirus were characterized by analysis of the migration pattern of their genomic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Orthoreovirus, Avian

• Avian reovirus S1133 was shown to contain all the enzymatic activities required for the synthesis of mature viral transcripts, including a dsRNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase, an mRNA guanylyltransferase, and two mRNA methyltransferases [8].
• Comparison of two molecular techniques for the detection of avian reoviruses in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded chicken tissues [9].
• Effect of dietary histamine on broiler chickens infected with avian reovirus S1133 [10].
• Mycophenolic acid inhibits avian reovirus replication [11].
• One-day-old broiler chickens were infected with either of two vaccine strains of avian reovirus S1133 and fed diets containing 0.2% histamine dihydrochloride for 21 or 35 days [10].

Biological context of Orthoreovirus, Avian

• The S1 genome segment of avian reovirus strain S1133 was cloned and completely sequenced [12].
• The avian reovirus S1 gene contains three partially overlapping, out-of-phase open reading frames (ORFs) that the highly conserved in all avian reovirus strains examined to date [13].
• Finally, protein p10, but not p17 or sigma C, induces cell-cell fusion when transiently expressed in mammalian cells, supporting a previously published observation that the polypeptide encoded by the S1 ORF1 plays an important role in the syncytial phenotype displayed by avian reoviruses [13].

Gene context of Orthoreovirus, Avian

• Cloning, sequencing and expression of the S1 gene of avian reovirus [12].
• Finally, the properties of the avian reovirus protein sigma NS are compared with those of its mammalian reovirus counterpart [14].
• Evidence of nucleotidyl phosphatase activity associated with core protein sigma A of avian reovirus S1133 [15].
• In support of this hypothesis, dsRNA added exogenously to IFN-treated cells in the form of poly(rI):poly(rC) is shown to establish in a dose-dependent manner an antiviral state against two viruses otherwise highly refractory to IFN action, avian reovirus (ARV) and Newcaste disease virus (NDV) [16].
• The second open reading frame of avian reovirus S1 gene segment encodes a 17 kDa non-structural protein, named p17 [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Orthoreovirus, Avian

• An in situ hybridization (ISH) technique using a digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled cDNA probe detected avian reovirus (ARV) RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded chicken tissues [18].
• Development of a quantitative Light Cycler real-time RT-PCR for detection of avian reovirus [19].

References