Disease relevance of Quillaja

• The experiments presented here examine the ability of CTB/CT, LT(R192G) and crude Quillaja saponin extracts to stimulate MV-specific immune responses in mice, following oral immunisation with plant-made measles virus hemagglutinin (MV-H) protein [1].
• Effects of carbohydrate modification of Quillaja saponaria Molina QH-B fraction on adjuvant activity, cholesterol-binding capacity and toxicity [2].
• Influence of Quillaja saponaria triterpenoid content on the immunomodulatory capacity of Epstein-Barr virus iscoms [3].
• Three strains of mice were injected with a T-independent antigen, Escherichia coli 055:B5 polysaccharide (PS) combined with purified saponin, QS-21, isolated from Quillaja saponaria bank [4].

High impact information on Quillaja

• Unfractionated GPI-0100 (UFGPI-0100) containing semi-synthetic derivatives of deacylated Quillaja saponins (DS saponins) modified at the glucuronic acid residue was resolved by reverse phase low-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-LPLC) into two fractions, RP18-1 and RP18-2, with different compositions and adjuvanticity [5].
• Mice were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with G1 VLPs formulated with Quillaja saponaria (QS-21) or adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide (AlOH), or with G1 VLPs alone [6].
• Novel adjuvant formulations based on the iscom technology have been developed using selected triterpenoid components from Quillaja saponaria Molina [7].
• The immunogenicity of free O-polysaccharide (PS), a polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate (PS-conj), and detoxified lipopolysaccharide (dLPS) was tested in female ICR mice, either alone or in combination with QS-21, a purified saponin adjuvant derived from the bark of the tree Quillaja saponaria Molina [8].
• PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of a purified, semisynthetic saponin, DS-1, prepared by deacylation of a naturally occurring saponin from the bark of the Quillaja saponaria Molina tree, as a permeation enhancer for mucosal delivery of the aminoglycosides, gentamicin and tobramycin [9].

Biological context of Quillaja

• In the present study, taurine, lithium and Quillaja saponin (Q-SAP) were compared with NaF with respect to their enhancement of serum IgG antibody response in chickens after oral immunization [10].
• Effects of long term feeding of Quillaja saponins on sex ratio, muscle and serum cholesterol and LH levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (L)) [11].

Associations of Quillaja with chemical compounds

• The quillaja saponin analogs were prepared by replacing their hydrolytically unstable ester groups with another lipophilic chain linked by a stable amide bond on these saponins' glucuronic acid residue [12].
• Quillaja saponin in aqueous solution enhanced cholesterol solubility by as much as a factor of 10(3) at room temperature [13].
• In addition, a saponin with a novel aglycone (phytolaccagenic acid) and a novel fatty acyl group [(S)-2-methylbutanoyl] for Quillaja saponins was found [14].
• These results suggest that quillaja saponins from various sources differ in their biological activity, although all three saponins had the same content of vanillin-sulphuric acid reactive moieties [15].
• Six novel fucose 3-O-acetylated saponins, with a quillaic acid aglycone, were isolated from a bark extract from the Quillaja saponaria Molina tree [14].

Gene context of Quillaja

• Kinetic studies showed that ISCOM induced cytokine production first detected at hours 1, 2, 4 for TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1alpha respectively, which was earlier than for the other antigen formulations containing corresponding doses of antigen and/or Quillaja adjuvant [16].
• Modification of the immune-modulating properties brought by the degradation of quillaja saponins during vaccine storage may change the intended immune response from a Th1 to a Th2 type [17].

References