Disease relevance of Alcaligenes

• Here we describe targeting of the mouse metallothionein I (MT) protein to the cell surface of the heavy metal-tolerant Ralstonia eutropha (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus) CH34 strain, which is adapted to thrive in soils highly polluted with metal ions [1].
• The Cu(II) sites of azurins, the blue single copper proteins, isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Alcaligenes spp [2].
• Among five cysteine residues (Cys-40, Cys-115, Cys-162, Cys-163, and Cys-218) in the Alcaligenes nitrilase, only Cys-163 was conserved at the corresponding position in the Klebsiella nitrilase [3].
• The first family (the resistance/nodulation/cell division (RND) family) includes (i) two metal-resistance efflux pumps in Alcaligenes eutrophus (CzcA and CnrA), (ii) three proteins which function together in nodulation of alfalfa roots by Rhizobium meliloti (NoIGHI), and (iii) a cell division protein in Escherichia coli (EnvD) [4].
• BMS-180680 was moderately active (MIC90s of 4 to 8 microg/ml) against Alcaligenes spp. and Acinetobacter lwoffii and less active (MIC90, 16 microg/ml) against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumanii complex [5].

High impact information on Alcaligenes

• Here we investigate the structure of the two types of copper site in nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, the molecular organisation of the enzyme when the type-2 copper is absent, and its mode of substrate binding [6].
• The granules form in a matter of minutes when purified polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase from Alcaligenes eutrophus is exposed to synthetically prepared (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A, thereby establishing the minimal requirements for PHB granule formation [7].
• In the bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus, three genes encode the enzymes necessary to catalyze the synthesis of poly[(R)-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) from acetyl-CoA [8].
• We cloned and sequenced the gene for nitrilase (EC 3.5.5.1), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of indole-3-acetonitrile to indole-3-acetic acid, from Alcaligenes faecalis JM3 [3].
• Nitrilase in biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid from indole-3-acetonitrile: cloning of the Alcaligenes gene and site-directed mutagenesis of cysteine residues [3].

Chemical compound and disease context of Alcaligenes

• Resistance to cobalt, zinc, and cadmium specified by the czc determinant on plasmid pMOL30 in Alcaligenes eutrophus results from a cation efflux system [9].
• Tn5271 is a 17-kilobase (kb) transposon that resides in the plasmid or chromosome of Alcaligenes sp. strain BR60 and allows this organism to grow on 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate [10].
• Several strains of Alcaligenes defragrans were isolated on unsaturated monoterpenes as growth substrates [11].
• Dependence on chain length of antitumor activity of (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes, IFO 13140, and its acid-degraded products [12].
• Rat neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, zymosan A, and beta-1,3-D-glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis showed cytotoxicity to various tumor cells [13].

Biological context of Alcaligenes

• High-affinity nickel transport in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 is mediated by a function designated hoxN. hoxN lies within the hydrogenase gene cluster of megaplasmid pHG1 [14].
• Nucleotide sequence of metapyrocatechase I (catechol 2,3-oxygenase I) gene mpcI from Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP222 [15].
• The active site of arsenite oxidase from Alcaligenes faecalis [16].
• The primers used for the reaction were derived from consensus sequences of the NAD(H)-binding subunit of mitochondrial NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase and the NAD(+)-reducing hydrogenase of Alcaligenes eutrophus [17].
• HupC is homologous to the hydrophobic polypeptides with four potential transmembrane regions that are encoded by open reading frames following the hydrogenase structural genes in Rhodobacter capsulatus, Escherichia coli, Azotobacter vinelandii, Wolinella succinogenes, Rhizobium leguminosarum and Alcaligenes eutrophus [18].

Anatomical context of Alcaligenes

• Some antitumor immunomodulators, such as a linear beta-1,3-D-glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes IFO 13140 (TAK), induce potent tumoricidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) [19].
• The enzyme which is localized in the periplasm of the bacterium Alcaligenes NC5 was extracted by treating with 0.2M MgCl2, pH 8 [20].
• A home-made packed bed microbioreactor system containing immobilized enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) in human red blood cell membrane and choline oxidase (CHO) from alcaligenes was used for the post-column conversion of acetylcholine to hydrogen peroxide which was detected by an electrochemical detector [21].
• The effects of tetrahydro-2-furanyl- and tetrahydro-2-pyranyl-ethers of (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucans from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes (IFO 13140) on the activities of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells in either ICR or BALB/c mice were studied [22].

Gene context of Alcaligenes

• The napA gene codes for a protein with a high homology to the periplasmic nitrate reductase from Alcaligenes eutrophus and, to a lesser extent, to other prokaryotic nitrate reductases and molybdenum-containing enzymes [23].
• Analysis, cloning, and high-level expression of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate monooxygenase gene tfdA of Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 [24].
• Analysis of duplicated gene sequences associated with tfdR and tfdS in Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 [25].
• Carboxyl-terminal processing of the cytoplasmic NAD-reducing hydrogenase of Alcaligenes eutrophus requires the hoxW gene product [26].
• The czcR gene, one of the two control genes responsible for induction of resistance to Co2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ (czc system) in the Alcaligenes eutrophus plasmid pMOL30, was cloned and characterized [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Alcaligenes

• Sequence analysis of the Alcaligenes eutrophus chromosomally encoded ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large and small subunit genes and their gene products [28].
• Molecular cloning and analysis of the gene encoding the thermostable penicillin G acylase from Alcaligenes faecalis [29].
• Pulse radiolysis has been employed to investigate the intramolecular electron transfer (ET) between the type 1 (T1) and type 2 (T2) copper sites in the Met144Ala Alcaligenes xylosoxidans nitrite reductase (AxCuNiR) mutant [30].
• After absorbing benzene in the bubble column, the hexadecane served as the organic phase of the two-phase partitioning bioreactor, transferring benzene into the aqueous phase where it was degraded by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans Y234 [31].
• Homogeneous D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, isolated from the hydrogen bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus, has been studied by analytical ultracentrifugation [32].

References