Disease relevance of Femoral Artery

• The neointimal area at 1 to 3 weeks after electric injury of the femoral artery was significantly higher in TIMP-1(-/-) as compared with TIMP-1(+/+) mice (0.012+/-0. 0015 versus 0.0033+/-0.0008 mm(2) at 1 week, P<0.005) [1].
• Helical strips from the low- and high-pressure femoral arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats and rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate-induced (DOCA) hypertension were compared with corresponding tissues from normotensive controls [2].
• We used a mouse model carrying a sarcoma-180 tumor in the right footpad and injected the fusogenic liposomes encapsulating the human TNF-alpha gene into the right femoral artery [3].
• A 12 lead electrocardiogram and simultaneous femoral artery and coronary sinus blood samples for lactate determinations were obtained at baseline and at 5 and 10 min of supraventricular tachycardia [4].
• Similar delivery to the gracillis muscle of New Zealand white rabbits that had undergone ligation of their femoral artery to induce ischemia exhibited increased VEGF expression and collateral vessel development only in the presence of DEX [5].

High impact information on Femoral Artery

• Adenoviral delivery of a phosphorylation-defective survivin mutant reversed the cytoprotective effect of PDGF in SMCs without affecting mitotic progression, suppressed neointimal formation in wire-injured mouse femoral arteries, and induced vascular cell apoptosis in vivo [6].
• Because NO is an important regulator of vasomotor tone, we investigated whether Akt can regulate endothelium-dependent vasomotion in vivo using a rabbit femoral artery model of gene transfer [7].
• Lesions induced by 4 wk of cholesterol feeding after focal desiccation of femoral arteries were balloon dilated [8].
• N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a specific inhibitor of NO synthase, was administered directly into the femoral artery of normal subjects at a dose of 16 mg/min and leg blood flow (LBF) was measured during an infusion of saline (NS) or during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (HIC) designed to approximately double LBF [9].
• Samples of blood were obtained simultaneously from right heart and femoral artery, and arteriovenous difference (AVd) in histamine concentration across the bronchus was determined during mast cell degranulation [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Femoral Artery

• Transluminal wire injury to the mouse femoral artery induces abundant intimal hyperplasia formation by 2 and 4 weeks and elicits the rapid accumulation of leukocytes and adhesion molecules on the denuded luminal surface [11].
• METHODS: Seventy-three symptomatic patients (58 men; mean age 67 years) were treated with nitinol stents for lesions in the iliac artery (9 stenoses); superficial femoral artery (SFA) (39 stenoses, 6 occlusions); popliteal artery and tibioperoneal trunk (9 stenoses, 7 occlusions); and 3 bypass grafts [12].
• Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were measured via a femoral artery catheter and the baroreflex control of heart rate was evaluated after increases in MAP induced by phenylephrine (baroreflex bradycardia) [13].
• Since studies have shown that endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in hypercholesterolemia (HC), we studied the effect of radiocontrast (RC) administration (6 ml/kg body wt, via femoral artery) in salt-depleted rats that were kept on a normal cholesterol (NC) or HC diet (4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid) [14].
• A segment of the femoral artery was occluded by a platelet-rich thrombus induced by photochemical reaction between systemically administered Rose Bengal and transluminal green light which causes endothelial injury followed by platelet adhesion and aggregation at the site of photochemical reaction [15].

Biological context of Femoral Artery

• This study was designed to test the hypothesis that clopidogrel, a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, can eliminate cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured coronary and femoral arteries in nonhuman primates [16].
• However, acute lumbar sympathectomy combined with injection of phenoxybenzamine into the femoral artery almost abolished the vasoconstriction induced by venous stasis [17].
• L-Arginine therapy also improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the femoral artery, whereas PGE1 had no such effect [18].
• To determine whether acute IL-6 administration affects whole-body glucose kinetics or muscle glucose uptake, 18 healthy young men were assigned to one of three groups receiving a high dose of recombinant human IL-6 (HiIL-6; n = 6), a low dose of IL-6 (LoIL-6; n = 6) or saline (Con; n = 6) infused into one femoral artery for 3 h [19].
• At 137-144 days gestation, baseline maternal femoral artery samples for CRH, ACTH, DHEAS, cortisol, and estradiol measurements were taken at 1.5-h intervals for 7 h starting 2 h before darkness [20].

Anatomical context of Femoral Artery

• The fasting C-peptide insulin molar ratio in both the portal vein (1.2 +/- 0.1) and femoral artery (2.1 +/- 0.3) was also unaffected by the glucose stimulus [21].
• This study was designed to determine the effect of specific inhibition of thrombin by recombinant hirudin (r-hirudin) on TF distribution after balloon angioplasty in the cholesterol-fed rabbit femoral artery and porcine coronary artery models [22].
• Copper coil-induced carotid artery thrombi were weighed, inserted into the femoral arteries, and exposed to a 15 min infusion of rt-PA at 10 micrograms/kg/min either with (n = 6 thrombi) or without pretreatment with a 200 unit/kg bolus of heparin (n = 6 thrombi) [23].
• It prevents the increase in uptake of 45Ca2+ in response to K+ (80 mM) in rabbit thoracic aorta and antagonizes the contractile effect of the putative cerebrovascular spasmogen alpha-thrombin on the femoral artery [24].
• These data indicate that PDBu stimulates the release of a diffusible and bioassayable vasoconstrictor mediator(s) from the endothelium of canine femoral arteries [25].

Associations of Femoral Artery with chemical compounds

• Study 4: subjects were studied as per study 3 except that catheters were inserted into the femoral artery and vein to quantitate leg glucose uptake [26].
• Femoral-artery blood samples were taken for assay of adrenaline and noradrenaline [27].
• Treatment of superficial femoral artery occlusions by PTA with rt-PA and intravenous heparin seems to prevent rethrombosis [28].
• Acetylcholine dilated normal femoral arteries but constricted arteries with endothelial injury [29].
• CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a physiological insulin concentration attenuates the 5-HT-induced [Ca2+]i transient in confluent primary cultured canine femoral artery VSMCs by inhibiting the 5-HT-induced component of Ca2+ influx but not by affecting sarcolemmal Ca2+ efflux or Ca2+ release from intracellular stores [30].

Gene context of Femoral Artery

• In a rabbit femoral artery model, percutaneous delivery of TFPI using a recombinant adenoviral vector resulted in a significant reduction of the intimamedia ratio 21 days after injury [31].
• In mouse femoral arteries, CCR8 and TCA3 antigen colocalized with VSMCs and were up-regulated after injury [32].
• One week after perivascular electric injury of the carotid or femoral artery in wild-type (MMP-3+/+) or MMP-3-/- mice, 70 kD and 65 kD proMMP-2 levels were enhanced by twofold to fourfold, with corresponding increases of 20- to 40-fold for active 61 kD and 58 kD MMP-2, and of 10- to 80-fold for 94 kD proMMP-9 [33].
• No significant differences were found in the values obtained simultaneously from hepatic, renal, and brachial veins or femoral artery, which suggests that no major net production or release of IGFBP-3 or IGF-I occurs in these tissues [34].
• IGFBP-1 and -3, IGF-I, and GH levels were measured by RIA in hepatic, renal, and peripheral veins and in the femoral artery [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Femoral Artery

• Paired comparison of vascular wall reactions to Palmaz stents, Strecker tantalum stents, and Wallstents in canine iliac and femoral arteries [35].
• In this study, we evaluated the relative contribution of a geometric decrease in arterial size versus neointimal growth to luminal narrowing associated with restenosis after balloon angioplasty of atherosclerotic femoral arteries in rabbits [36].
• Assessment of this strategy in a rabbit femoral artery model of balloon-induced injury demonstrated that compared with animals in either of two control groups, animals treated with the active combination of infection with AdCMV.CD and 1-week treatment with parenteral 5-FC had a significant reduction at 30 days in the neointimal-to-medial ratio [37].
• Heparin increases exercise-induced collateral blood flow in rats with femoral artery ligation [38].
• Angioplasty was performed on femoral artery lesions 4 weeks after lesion induction by air drying and cholesterol-supplemented diet [39].

References