Disease relevance of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

• Most observed toxicities were attributable to drug formulation (polyoxyl 35 castor oil or hyperosmolarity of the SU5416 preparation) [1].

High impact information on Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

• New approaches to broaden this window exploit alternative drug formulations, pharmacokinetic profiling and new immunosuppressive agents, such as Rapamycin and Brequinar, which act in a synergistic fashion [2].
• Drug formulation and salivary phenytoin measurements [3].
• RESULTS: Plasma clearance and elimination half-lives for ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and caffeine were comparable to published values reported for drug formulations [4].
• A tumor model designed to assess liposome-mediated drug delivery to liver has been used in an attempt to better understand the mechanism of activity of liposomal mitoxantrone, a liposomal anticancer drug formulation that appears to be uniquely effective in treating this tumor model [5].
• In this report, the performance of these nitrate drug/formulation combinations is discussed in terms of the relative onset of action, duration of action, tolerance properties/regeneration of reactivity and patient acceptance [6].

Biological context of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

• A number of studies have suggested that the LDL receptors are involved in endocytosis of drugs and drug formulations including aminoglycosides, anionic liposomes and cyclosporine A (CsA) [7].
• We investigated the in vitro ocular bioavailability of several marketed ophthalmic drug formulations using this model (0.03% flurbiprofen, 0.5% levobunolol, 0.1 and 0.25% fluorometholone, and 1% prednisolone acetate) [8].
• Pharmacokinetics of verapamil and its metabolite norverapamil from a buccal drug formulation [9].
• The findings suggest that this drug formulation could be used clinically when slow constant release of the prostaglandin is required over a period of hours such as in pre-induction cervical ripening of term pregnancy [10].
• It may be concluded that submicron emulsion may be a good choice of an ethanol-free drug formulation, but lipid matrix, which is solid at body temperature, is not advantageous system for diazepam rectal delivery, even if delivered as a submicron dispersion [11].

Anatomical context of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

• Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) carrying cholesteryl butyrate (chol-but), doxorubicin and paclitaxel had previously been developed, and the antiproliferative effect of SLN formulations versus conventional drug formulations was here evaluated on HT-29 cells [12].

Associations of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical with chemical compounds

• Gradient elution was applied and provided increased robustness to ion suppression by the drug formulation vehicle (polysorbate 80 and Cremophor EL) [13].
• Rapid and selective micellar electrokinetic chromatography for simultaneous determination of amikacin, kanamycin A, and tobramycin with UV detection and application in drug formulations [14].
• After alcohol intake, up to two-thirds of carcinogenic acetaldehyde can be removed from saliva with a slow-releasing buccal L-cysteine drug formulation [15].
• Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim have been extracted from a drug formulation, Septra Infusion, with pure supercritical carbon dioxide [16].
• Other schedules, routes of administration, or oral drug formulations may have to be considered if sustained continuous exposure to micromolar zidovudine concentrations is desired [17].

Gene context of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

• A quantitative method is described for the measurement of N-mononitrosopiperazine (NPIP) and N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine (DNPIP) in drug formulations containing piperazine, using a gas chromatograph interfaced to a thermal energy analyzer (GC/TEA) [18].
• Regarding the effects of systemic administration of low doses of TNF-alpha, these findings may be important for enhanced tumor targeting of various liposomal drug formulations [19].
• Pulmonary drug delivery. Part II: the role of inhalant delivery devices and drug formulations in therapeutic effectiveness of aerosolized medications [20].
• Analysis of recombinant human erythropoietin in drug formulations by high-performance capillary electrophoresis [21].
• METHODS: Using a randomized, 3-way crossover design three available drug formulations were compared: Zadaxin (SciClone), Timosina (Sclavo), and Thymosin alpha1 (Tal-HLR; Hoffmann La Roche) [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

• A rapid isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of cholesterol and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in liposome-based drug formulations [23].
• In this randomized, double-blind study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of this intralesional treatment in 401 patients, using 2 active drug formulations (fluorouracil/epinephrine gel and fluorouracil gel alone) and a placebo [24].
• Intracellular doxorubicin was double after 24 h exposure to loaded SLN versus the conventional drug formulation, at the highest concentration evaluated by flow cytometry [12].
• Two drug formulations of povidone-iodine (PVP-I)--an aqueous PVP-I solution (Betaisodona) and a liposomal PVP-I formulation--were tested for their virucidal activity and cytotoxicity in cell culture [25].
• CONCLUSION: Controlled release of tramadol from PHB microspheres is possible, and pain relief during epidural analgesia is prolonged by this drug formulation compared with free tramadol [26].

References