- Acute sexually transmitted infections increase human immunodeficiency virus type 1 plasma viremia, increase plasma type 2 cytokines, and decrease CD4 cell counts. Anzala, A.O., Simonsen, J.N., Kimani, J., Ball, T.B., Nagelkerke, N.J., Rutherford, J., Ngugi, E.N., Bwayo, J.J., Plummer, F.A. J. Infect. Dis. (2000)