Beta-arrestin 2: a receptor-regulated MAPK scaffold for the activation of JNK3.
beta-Arrestins, originally discovered in the context of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein- coupled receptor ( GPCR) desensitization, also function in internalization and signaling of these receptors. We identified c-Jun amino-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) as a binding partner of beta-arrestin 2 using a yeast two-hybrid screen and by coimmunoprecipitation from mouse brain extracts or cotransfected COS-7 cells. The upstream JNK activators apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 ( ASK1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 4 were also found in complex with beta-arrestin 2. Cellular transfection of beta-arrestin 2 caused cytosolic retention of JNK3 and enhanced JNK3 phosphorylation stimulated by ASK1. Moreover, stimulation of the angiotensin II type 1A receptor activated JNK3 and triggered the colocalization of beta-arrestin 2 and active JNK3 to intracellular vesicles. Thus, beta-arrestin 2 acts as a scaffold protein, which brings the spatial distribution and activity of this MAPK module under the control of a GPCR.[1]References
- Beta-arrestin 2: a receptor-regulated MAPK scaffold for the activation of JNK3. McDonald, P.H., Chow, C.W., Miller, W.E., Laporte, S.A., Field, M.E., Lin, F.T., Davis, R.J., Lefkowitz, R.J. Science (2000) [Pubmed]
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