The potential of various foods to serve as a carrier for micronutrient fortification, data from remote areas in Indonesia.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the potential of various industrially produced foods, to serve as a carrier for micronutrient fortification based on the frequency of their consumption in different socio-economic strata; to determine the role of fortified instant noodles as a source of micronutrients; to assess the contribution of plant foods, animal foods and fortified foods to vitamin A intake. SETTING: A survey was conducted in rural South Sulawesi and urban South Kalimantan between November 1996 and January 1997. SUBJECTS: Households (1500 in South Sulawesi; 2112 in South Kalimantan) were selected randomly by multi-stage cluster sampling. From each household, data were collected from the mother and her youngest child (0-5 y). DATA COLLECTION: Mothers were interviewed on various topics, including socio-economic status, food consumption, receipt of high-dose vitamin A capsules, health and nutritional status. RESULTS: Monosodium glutamate and salt were consumed daily in almost all households in both areas, and consumption was not associated with socio-economic status. Instant noodles were consumed in nearly all households in both areas, but consumption of fortified noodles was related to socio-economic status; it was highest among households of government employees and private investors, and lowest among farmers and share-croppers. Vegetables were the most important source of vitamin A in rural South Sulawesi, while foods of animal origin were the most important source in urban South Kalimantan. CONCLUSIONS: The results support double or triple fortification of salt and/or monosodium glutamate with iodine, vitamin A and/or iron. Efforts to overcome associated technical and logistical difficulties are urgently needed. Sponsorship: Opportunities for Micronutrient Interventions (OMNI); United States Agency for International Development (USAID). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 822-827[1]References
- The potential of various foods to serve as a carrier for micronutrient fortification, data from remote areas in Indonesia. Melse-Boonstra, A., Pee, S., Martini, E., Halati, S., Sari, M., Kosen, S., Muhilal, n.u.l.l., Bloem, M. European journal of clinical nutrition. (2000) [Pubmed]
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