The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.
wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
Conjunctival T-cell subpopulations in Sjögren's and non-Sjögren's patients with dry eye.
PURPOSE: To examine the conjunctiva of patients with Sjögren's syndromekeratoconjunctivitis sicca (SS- KCS) and non-Sjögren's keratoconjunctivitis sicca (NS- KCS) for evidence of immune-based inflammation. METHODS: Conjunctival biopsy specimens were obtained from 15 patients with SS- KCS and 15 with NS- KCS. Immunohistochemistry was performed on frozen sections to characterize and quantify T-cell subtypes (CD3, CD4, and CD8) and markers of immune activation (major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class II: HLA-DR, HLA-DQ) and inflammation (intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1). The numbers of cells positive for each marker were counted by two masked observers and averaged. RESULTS: Conjunctival biopsy specimens from patients with SS- KCS or NS- KCS revealed lymphocytic infiltration and increased immunoreactivity for the markers of inflammation and immune activation. The extent of cellular immunoreactivity did not differ significantly between SS- KCS and NS- KCS tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' findings indicate that patients with SS- KCS or NS- KCS have conjunctival inflammation manifested by inflammatory cell infiltrates and upregulation of expression in markers of immune activation. Clinical symptoms of KCS may be more dependent on T-cell activation and resultant inflammation than previously believed. In addition to tear substitutes, anti-inflammatory therapeutics should be investigated for the treatment of KCS.[1]
