- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(p110alpha) plays a critical role for the induction of physiological, but not pathological, cardiac hypertrophy. McMullen, J.R., Shioi, T., Zhang, L., Tarnavski, O., Sherwood, M.C., Kang, P.M., Izumo, S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2003)