- Neuroactive steroids are altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relevance to pathophysiology and therapeutics. Marx, C.E., Stevens, R.D., Shampine, L.J., Uzunova, V., Trost, W.T., Butterfield, M.I., Massing, M.W., Hamer, R.M., Morrow, A.L., Lieberman, J.A. Neuropsychopharmacology (2006)