Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)

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Monick, M.M. et al.

Martha M. Monick, Linda S. Powers, Ihab Hassan, Dayna Groskreutz, Timur O. Yarovinsky, Christopher W. Barrett, Elaine M. Castilow, Delia Tifrea, Steven M. Varga, Gary W. Hunninghake,

Respiratory syncytial virus synergizes with Th2 cytokines to induce optimal levels of TARC/CCL17.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous virus that preferentially infects airway epithelial cells, causing asthma exacerbations and severe disease in immunocompromised hosts. Acute RSV infection induces inflammation in the lung. Thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) recruits Th2 cells to sites of inflammation. We found that acute RSV infection of BALB/c mice increased TARC production in the lung. Immunization of BALB/c mice with individual RSV proteins can lead to the development of Th1- or Th2-biased T cell responses in the lung after RSV infection. We primed animals with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing either the RSV fusion (F) protein or the RSV attachment (G) protein, inducing Th1- and Th2-biased pulmonary memory T cell responses, respectively. After RSV infection, TARC production significantly increased in the vaccinia virus G-primed animals only. These data suggest a positive feedback loop for TARC production between RSV infection and Th2 cytokines. RSV-infected lung epithelial cells cultured with IL-4 or IL-13 demonstrated a marked increase in the production of TARC. The synergistic effect of RSV and IL-4/IL-13 on TARC production reflected differential induction of NF kappa B and STAT6 by the two stimuli (both are in the TARC promoter). These findings demonstrate that RSV induces a chemokine TARC that has the potential to recruit Th2 cells to the lung.[1]

References

Respiratory syncytial virus synergizes with Th2 cytokines to induce optimal levels of TARC/CCL17. Monick, M.M., Powers, L.S., Hassan, I., Groskreutz, D., Yarovinsky, T.O., Barrett, C.W., Castilow, E.M., Tifrea, D., Varga, S.M., Hunninghake, G.W. J. Immunol. (2007) [Pubmed]

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