Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)

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Seegers, J.C. et al.

The cytotoxic effects of estradiol-17 beta, catecholestradiols and methoxyestradiols on dividing MCF-7 and HeLa cells.

In this study the cytotoxic effects of high concentrations (greater than or equal to 1 x 10(-6) M) of estradiol-17 beta ( E2), 2-/4-hydroxyestradiol-17 beta (2-/4-OHE2) and 2-/3-/4-methoxyestradiol-17 beta (2-/3-/4-MeOE2) were determined on dividing MCF-7 and HeLa cells. The 2-MeOE2 metabolite followed by 2-OHE2 and E2 (in this order) proved to be extremely toxic to dividing MCF-7 and HeLa cells. The cytotoxic effect on these cells comprised uneven chromosome distribution. Indirect immunofluorescent studies, in which monoclonal anti-alpha-tubulin antibodies were used, showed that these compounds (2-MeOE2 greater than 2-OHE2 greater than E2) at high concentrations caused abnormal and fragmented polar formations as well as disorientated microtubule arrangement in the dividing MCF-7 and HeLa cells. The 4-OHE2 and 3-/4-MeOE2 metabolites had little or no cytotoxic effects on dividing cells. The large number of abnormal metaphases seen in HeLa cells exposed to 2-MeOE2 suggested that this metabolite may be the ultimate cytotoxic compound. The reduction in the number of HeLa cells with abnormal metaphase configurations after exposure to 2-OHE2 plus quinalizarin (an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase) indicated that the production of 2-MeOE2 is necessary for the formation of abnormal spindles in metaphase. Quinalizarin treatment in the presence of 2-MeOE2 had no effect on the large number of abnormal metaphases. We therefore conclude that neither E2 nor 2-OHE2, but a high concentration of 2-MeOE2 is responsible for abnormal spindle formation. In additional experiments the number of normal and abnormal dividing HeLa cells were greatly reduced when simultaneously exposed to E2 and 2-/4-hydroxylase-inhibitor alpha-naphthoflavone.[1]

References

The cytotoxic effects of estradiol-17 beta, catecholestradiols and methoxyestradiols on dividing MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Seegers, J.C., Aveling, M.L., Van Aswegen, C.H., Cross, M., Koch, F., Joubert, W.S. J. Steroid Biochem. (1989) [Pubmed]

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