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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
 
 
 
 

Proctolin in identified serotonergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic neurons in the lobster, Homarus americanus.

In order to explore the functions of the peptide proctolin in the lobster nervous system, 3 classes of neurons showing proctolin-like immunocytochemical staining were selected for study. These neurons were identified on the basis of physiological and/or morphological criteria, isolated by dissections, and analyzed with biochemical methods to determine whether they contained authentic proctolin and which classical neurotransmitters coexisted with the peptide. Pairs of large proctolin-immunoreactive neurons in fifth thoracic and first abdominal ganglia were identified as serotonin-immunoreactive neurons (Beltz and Kravitz, 1983, 1987) by staining serial sections of the ganglia alternately with the 2 antisera. Physiologically identified cells, dissected from the ganglia and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), contained approximately 20 microM proctolin and 0.5 mM serotonin. A large proctolin-immunoreactive neuron in the circumesophageal ganglion was identified as the lobster homolog of a dopaminergic neurosecretory cell found in other crustaceans (Cooke and Goldstone, 1970). The large lobster cell stained with antityrosine hydroxylase antiserum, and synthesized 3H-dopamine from 3H-tyrosine. Dissected cell bodies, analyzed by HPLC, contained approximately 25 microM proctolin. Proctolin-immunoreactive sensory neurons were identified as large stained fibers that terminated in sensory dendrites of the oval organ mechanoreceptor in the scaphognathite (Pasztor, 1979; Pasztor and Bush, 1982). The largest sensory fiber was isolated for biochemical studies. It synthesized 3H-acetylcholine from 3H-choline and, by HPLC analysis, was found to contain approximately 3 microM proctolin. Thus, proctolin coexists with different conventional transmitters in several classes of identified lobster neurons. Investigations of the actions of proctolin in these different contexts should contribute to a more complete understanding of the diverse functions of neuropeptides and their roles as cotransmitters.[1]

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