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Gene Review

SNORD16  -  small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 16

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: U16
 
 
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Disease relevance of SNORD16

  • As a test for trafficking of HIV-1 RNAs into the nucleolus, a hammerhead ribozyme that specifically cleaves HIV-1 RNA was inserted into the body of the U16 small nucleolar RNA, resulting in accumulation of the ribozyme within the nucleoli of human cells [1].
  • All 132 strains of Staphylococcus tested inactivated phage U16 significantly, whereas of 123 strains of Micrococcus tested, only three strains of Micrococcus candicans were able to adsorb this staphylococcal phage [2].
  • Evidence was given that the phage phi 812 together with SK311, phi 131, and U16 belongs in the phage species Twort, the description of which is substantially supplemented with the data on the phage phi 812 reported in this paper [3].
  • The polyvalent staphylococcal bacteriophage U16 failed to adsorb to an encapsulated Staphylococcus simulans strain [4].
 

High impact information on SNORD16

  • Its sequence, localization and biosynthesis are phylogenetically conserved: in the corresponding intron of the human L1 ribosomal protein gene a highly homologous region is found which can be released from the pre-mRNA by a mechanism similar to that described for the amphibian U16 RNA [5].
  • The L1 ribosomal protein gene of Xenopus laevis is a well-suited system for studying this phenomenon: several different introns encode for two small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs; U16 and U18) [6].
  • The modified complexes were chemically synthesized with the substitution of a single 2-pyridone (2P) base analogue for residues U4, U7, and U16 [7].
  • Two novel sites of Sp phosphorothioate interference were identified at positions A6 and U16 [8].
  • On the other hand, U16/17 pre-mRNA was synthesized with typical alpha kinetics, but the spliced product was regulated as a beta function [9].
 

Anatomical context of SNORD16

  • Partially purified cell wall and teichoic acid of this strain could, however, inactivate bacteriophage U16 to a great extent, indicating the presence of the phage receptor [4].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SNORD16

  • METHODS: Anthropometry, maturity status, functional and sport-specific parameters were assessed in elite, sub-elite, and non-elite youth players in four age groups: U13 (n = 117), U14 (n = 136), U15 (n = 138) and U16 (n = 99) [10].

References

  1. Ribozyme-mediated inhibition of HIV 1 suggests nucleolar trafficking of HIV-1 RNA. Michienzi, A., Cagnon, L., Bahner, I., Rossi, J.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2000) [Pubmed]
  2. The phage adsorption test: a simple method for differentiation between staphylococci and micrococci. Schumacher-Perdreau, F., Pulverer, G., Schleifer, K.H. J. Infect. Dis. (1978) [Pubmed]
  3. The polyvalent staphylococcal phage phi 812: its host-range mutants and related phages. Pantůcek, R., Rosypalová, A., Doskar, J., Kailerová, J., Růzicková, V., Borecká, P., Snopková, S., Horváth, R., Götz, F., Rosypal, S. Virology (1998) [Pubmed]
  4. The role of capsule as a barrier to bacteriophage adsorption in an encapsulated Staphylococcus simulans strain. Ohshima, Y., Schumacher-Perdreau, F., Peters, G., Pulverer, G. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berl.) (1988) [Pubmed]
  5. A novel small nucleolar RNA (U16) is encoded inside a ribosomal protein intron and originates by processing of the pre-mRNA. Fragapane, P., Prislei, S., Michienzi, A., Caffarelli, E., Bozzoni, I. EMBO J. (1993) [Pubmed]
  6. In vitro study of processing of the intron-encoded U16 small nucleolar RNA in Xenopus laevis. Caffarelli, E., Arese, M., Santoro, B., Fragapane, P., Bozzoni, I. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  7. Critical nature of a specific uridine O2-carbonyl for cleavage by the hammerhead ribozyme. Bevers, S., Ha, S.B., McLaughlin, L.W. Biochemistry (1999) [Pubmed]
  8. Complete identification of nonbridging phosphate oxygens involved in hammerhead cleavage. Knöll, R., Bald, R., Fürste, J.P. RNA (1997) [Pubmed]
  9. Temporal mapping of transcripts in human herpesvirus-7. Menegazzi, P., Galvan, M., Rotola, A., Ravaioli, T., Gonelli, A., Cassai, E., Di Luca, D. J. Gen. Virol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  10. A multidisciplinary selection model for youth soccer: the Ghent Youth Soccer Project. Vaeyens, R., Malina, R.M., Janssens, M., Van Renterghem, B., Bourgois, J., Vrijens, J., Philippaerts, R.M. British journal of sports medicine. (2006) [Pubmed]
 
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