- Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1 mutations is characterized by a gene expression profile with dysregulated HOX gene expression distinct from MLL-rearranged leukemias. Mullighan, C.G., Kennedy, A., Zhou, X., Radtke, I., Phillips, L.A., Shurtleff, S.A., Downing, J.R. Leukemia (2007)