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Gene Review:

Adam24 - a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain...

Mus musculus

Synonyms: ADAM 24, Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 24, Dtgn5, Testase-1

Zhu, G.Z. et al., Zhu, G.Z. et al., Bolcun, E. et al., Brachvogel, B. et al.

Zhu, Lin, Myles, Primakoff, Zhu, Myles, Primakoff,

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High impact information on Adam24

Testase 1 is a glycoprotein (molecular mass 88 kDa), localized to the equatorial region of the plasma membrane of cauda epididymal sperm [1].
The pro-domain of the testase 1 precursor (108 kDa) is proteolytically removed as sperm transit the caput epididymis to produce processed (mature) testase 1 (88 kDa) [1].
Thus testase 1 apparently has a cytoplasmic PKC phosphorylation site(s) [1].
Unlike other studied sperm ADAMs (fertilin alpha and beta, cyritestin) whose metalloprotease domains are removed during sperm development, we found testase 1 retains an active metalloprotease domain, suggesting it acts as a protease on mature sperm [1].
Because events of the acrosome reaction include PKC activation, we speculate that testase 1 protease function could be important in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida after sperm PKC is activated during the acrosome reaction [1].

Biological context of Adam24

The conserved zinc-dependent metalloprotease active site HEXGHXXGXXHD was found in the metalloprotease domain of three of the novel ADAMs, suggesting that they are testis-specific proteases, to which we give the alternative names: testase 1, ADAM 24; testase 2, ADAM 25; and testase 3, ADAM 26 [2].
While these genes are composed of about 20 exons, the testase 2alpha and 2beta genes contain only two exons [3].

Anatomical context of Adam24

Testase 1 is unique among all studied ADAMs in that its proteolytic processing occurs on the sperm plasma membrane instead of at an intracellular site (the Golgi) [1].
ADAM family genes testase 2alpha and 2beta are chromosomally linked and simultaneously expressed in male germ cells [3].

Other interactions of Adam24

The predicted protein sequence reveals highest homology to the testase-subgroup, composed of ADAM 24, ADAM 25 and ADAM 26 and is therefore called testase 4 [4].

References

Testase 1 (ADAM 24) a plasma membrane-anchored sperm protease implicated in sperm function during epididymal maturation or fertilization. Zhu, G.Z., Myles, D.G., Primakoff, P. J. Cell. Sci. (2001) [Pubmed]
Identification of four novel ADAMs with potential roles in spermatogenesis and fertilization. Zhu, G.Z., Lin, Y., Myles, D.G., Primakoff, P. Gene (1999) [Pubmed]
ADAM family genes testase 2alpha and 2beta are chromosomally linked and simultaneously expressed in male germ cells. Bolcun, E., Rzymski, T., Nayernia, K., Engel, W. Mol. Reprod. Dev. (2003) [Pubmed]
Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a novel member of the Disintegrin and Metalloprotease-Domain (ADAM) family. Brachvogel, B., Reichenberg, D., Beyer, S., Jehn, B., von der Mark, K., Bielke, W. Gene (2002) [Pubmed]

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