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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
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Synonyms:
CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2, TORC-2, TORC2, Transducer of CREB protein 2, Transducer of regulated cAMP response element-binding protein 2
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In contrast to the mild effects of removing HM site phosphorylation at normal levels of PI3K activity, loss of TORC2 activity strongly inhibited hyperplasia caused by elevated pathway activity, as in mutants of the tumor suppressor PTEN [1].
TOR is part of two distinct multiprotein complexes, TOR complex 1 (TORC1), which is sensitive to rapamycin, and TORC2, which is not [2].
Recent biochemical studies suggested that TORC2 is the elusive PDK2 for Akt/PKB Ser473 phosphorylation in the hydrophobic motif [3].
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cell growth and proliferation via the raptor-mTOR (TORC1) and rictor-mTOR (TORC2) protein complexes [3].
Our findings reveal that the SIN1-rictor-mTOR function in Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation is required for TORC2function in cell survival but is dispensable for TORC1 function [3].
The CREB coactivator TORC2 functions as a calcium- and cAMP-sensitive coincidence detector [4].
Here, we describe a signaling module that mediates the synergistic effects of these pathways on cellular gene expression by stimulating the dephosphorylation and nuclear entry of TORC2, a CREB coactivator [4].
Triggering of the calcium and cAMP second messenger pathways by glucose and gut hormones disrupts TORC2:14-3-3 complexes via complementary effects on TORC2 dephosphorylation; calcium influx increases calcineurin activity, whereas cAMP inhibits SIK2 kinase activity [4].
TORC2 primarily regulates cell polarity, although additional readouts of this complex are beginning to be characterized [6].
Under fasting conditions, the cAMP-responsive CREB coactivator TORC2 promotes glucosehomeostasis by stimulating the gluconeogenic program in liver [7].
Recent studies in eukaryotic cells have identified two distinct TOR complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, which phosphorylate different substrates and have distinct physiological functions [8].
These observations clearly indicate that TORC2activates the promoter through interaction with the BZLF1 protein as well as CREB family transcriptional factors [9].
