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PTMS  -  parathymosin

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: ParaT, Parathymosin
 
 
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Disease relevance of PTMS

 

High impact information on PTMS

  • A differential expression of the two alpha-thymosins was observed in thymus (prothymosin alpha-rich) and liver (parathymosin alpha-rich) [1].
  • After transfection of these constructs into HeLa S3 cells, which do not normally synthesize hGH, the use of indirect immunofluorescence staining to follow the localization of the hGH chimeras demonstrated that both prothymosin and parathymosin caused targeting to the cell nucleus [3].
  • Macromolecular translocation inhibitor II (Zn(2+)-binding protein, parathymosin) interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor and enhances transcription in vivo [4].
  • Human sperm nuclei challenged with ParaT become highly decondensed, whereas overexpression of green fluorescent protein- or FLAG-tagged protein in HeLa cells induces global chromatin decondensation and increases the accessibility of chromatin to micrococcal nuclease digestion [5].
  • The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the four digested fragments indicated that MTI-II is an 11.5-kDa Zn2+-binding protein (ZnBP, also known as parathymosin) [6].
 

Biological context of PTMS

 

Anatomical context of PTMS

 

Associations of PTMS with chemical compounds

 

Other interactions of PTMS

  • The distribution of prothymosin alpha in the nucleus is related to that of transcription sites, whereas the distribution of parathymosin correlates with early replication sites [7].
  • Due to the antibody used, the ELISA developed was capable of fully discriminating between ProT alpha, the naturally occuring and partially homologous peptide parathymosin alpha (ParaT alpha) and the peptide thymosin alpha1 (T alpha1), whose sequence is identical to the [1-28] sequence of ProT alpha, and its in vivo occurrence is under question [12].
  • Further studies are required to establish prothymosin alpha and parathymosin as diagnostic proliferation markers in thyroid cancer, especially in cases of undetermined cellular morphology of follicular origin which reflect the most common cytohistopathological discrepancies [2].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PTMS

References

  1. Expression of alpha-thymosins in human tissues in normal and abnormal growth. Tsitsiloni, O.E., Stiakakis, J., Koutselinis, A., Gogas, J., Markopoulos, C., Yialouris, P., Bekris, S., Panoussopoulos, D., Kiortsis, V., Voelter, W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1993) [Pubmed]
  2. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy-RT-PCR expression analysis of prothymosin alpha and parathymosin in thyroid: novel proliferation markers? P, K., Vartholomatos, G., Tsepi, C., Tsatsoulis, A. Neoplasma (2007) [Pubmed]
  3. Evidence for nuclear targeting of prothymosin and parathymosin synthesized in situ. Clinton, M., Graeve, L., el-Dorry, H., Rodriguez-Boulan, E., Horecker, B.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1991) [Pubmed]
  4. Macromolecular translocation inhibitor II (Zn(2+)-binding protein, parathymosin) interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor and enhances transcription in vivo. Okamoto, K., Isohashi, F. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. Parathymosin affects the binding of linker histone H1 to nucleosomes and remodels chromatin structure. Martic, G., Karetsou, Z., Kefala, K., Politou, A.S., Clapier, C.R., Straub, T., Papamarcaki, T. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. Purification and primary structure of a macromolecular-translocation inhibitor II of glucocorticoid-receptor binding to nuclei from rat liver. Inhibitor II is the 11.5-kDa Zn2+-binding protein (parathymosin). Okamoto, K., Isohashi, F. Eur. J. Biochem. (2000) [Pubmed]
  7. Nuclear distribution of prothymosin alpha and parathymosin: evidence that prothymosin alpha is associated with RNA synthesis processing and parathymosin with early DNA replication. Vareli, K., Frangou-Lazaridis, M., van der Kraan, I., Tsolas, O., van Driel, R. Exp. Cell Res. (2000) [Pubmed]
  8. The sequence of human parathymosin deduced from a cloned human kidney cDNA. Clinton, M., Frangou-Lazaridis, M., Panneerselvam, C., Horecker, B.L. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1989) [Pubmed]
  9. Selective interaction between parathymosin and histone H1. Kondili, K., Tsolas, O., Papamarcaki, T. Eur. J. Biochem. (1996) [Pubmed]
  10. Localization of the gene coding for parathymosin to chromosome 17 in humans. Szabo, P., Clinton, M., Macera, M., Horecker, B.L. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. (1989) [Pubmed]
  11. Molecular simulations of physical aging in polymer membrane materials. Wang, X.Y., Willmore, F.T., Raharjo, R.D., Wang, X., Freeman, B.D., Hill, A.J., Sanchez, I.C. The journal of physical chemistry. B, Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces & biophysical. (2006) [Pubmed]
  12. Direct ELISA method for the specific determination of prothymosin alpha in human specimens. Costopoulou, D., Leondiadis, L., Czarnecki, J., Ferderigos, N., Ithakissios, D.S., Livaniou, E., Evangelatos, G.P. Journal of immunoassay. (1998) [Pubmed]
  13. A radioimmunoassay for parathymosin. Panneerselvam, C., Caldarella, J., Horecker, B.L. J. Immunol. Methods (1987) [Pubmed]
  14. A radioimmunoassay for parathymosin alpha using antibodies to synthetic N-terminal peptide 1-30. Tsitsiloni, O.E., Yialouris, P.P., Heimer, E.P., Felix, A.M., Evangelatos, G.P., Soteriadis-Vlahos, C., Stiakakis, J., Hannappel, E., Haritos, A.A. J. Immunol. Methods (1988) [Pubmed]
 
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