Ras/MAP kinase-dependent and -independent signaling pathways target distinct ternary complex factors.
Transcriptional activation of the immediate early genes c-fos and egr-1 by extracellular signals appears to be mediated by ternary complex factors (TCFs). In BAC-1 macrophages, growth factor stimulation leads to the retardation of protein-DNA complexes containing distinct TCFs. One TCF is recognized by Elk-1 antisera, whereas the other is immunologically related to SAP-1. The appearance and decay of hyperphosphorylated TCF/Elk-1-containing complexes after stimulation coincide with the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK) and the induction and repression of c-fos and egr-1, whereas modified TCF/ SAP-1-containing complexes decay more slowly. Suppression of MAPK activation in macrophages and fibroblasts correlates with the failure to induce TCF/Elk-1 hyperphosphorylation without blocking TCF/ SAP-1 modification. Accordingly the modified Elk-1 complex is generated in vitro by activated MAPK, whereas that of SAP-1 is not. Expression of a dominant-negative Ras mutant (RasAsn17) in BAC-1 cells does not affect CSF-1- induced TCF/ SAP-1 modification while suppressing TCF/Elk-1 phosphorylation. Neither PKC down-regulation by TPA nor inhibition of Gi proteins by pertussis toxin pretreatment influences CSF-1-induced signaling to TCFs. These data indicate the existence of two separate signaling pathways for the modification of distinct TCFs: one dependent on Ras and MAPK and converging on TCF/Elk-1, and the other targeting TCF/ SAP-1 independently of Ras and MAPK.[1]References
- Ras/MAP kinase-dependent and -independent signaling pathways target distinct ternary complex factors. Hipskind, R.A., Büscher, D., Nordheim, A., Baccarini, M. Genes Dev. (1994) [Pubmed]
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