- A Ral guanine exchange factor-Ral pathway is conserved in Drosophila melanogaster and sheds new light on the connectivity of the Ral, Ras, and Rap pathways. Mirey, G., Balakireva, M., L'Hoste, S., Rossé, C., Voegeling, S., Camonis, J. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2003)