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Jiang, X. et al.

Jiang, Huang, Zhong, Tan, Farkas, Morrow, Newburg, Ruiz-Palacios, Pickering,

Human milk contains elements that block binding of noroviruses to human histo-blood group antigens in saliva.

Noroviruses (NVs) recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as receptors. We characterized the interaction of human milk samples with recombinant virus-like particles representing VA387, Norwalk, VA207, and MOH. Milk samples from 60 healthy women were tested for human HBGAs and for their ability to block the binding of NVs. Fifty-four women were secretors ( Se+), and 6 were nonsecretors ( Se-). No women had detectable A or B antigens in their milk samples. All 54 Se+ milk samples, but 0 of 6 Se- milk samples, blocked VA387 and Norwalk virus ( Se+ binders) from binding to saliva samples. All 6 Lewis-positive Se- milk samples blocked binding to VA207, and variable blocking activities were exhibited by the Se+ milk samples. No milk samples blocked the binding of MOH to A and B antigens. Secretor and Lewis, but not A or B antigens, were present in human milk and were responsible for blocking NV binding to receptors and therefore are likely to be decoy receptors that protect breast-fed infants from NV infection.[1]

References

Human milk contains elements that block binding of noroviruses to human histo-blood group antigens in saliva. Jiang, X., Huang, P., Zhong, W., Tan, M., Farkas, T., Morrow, A.L., Newburg, D.S., Ruiz-Palacios, G.M., Pickering, L.K. J. Infect. Dis. (2004) [Pubmed]

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