Disease relevance of C13orf24

• Recent data suggested that PIBF protein was also expressed by the progesterone receptor (PR) positive MCF-7 breast tumor cell line [1].
• In urine of patients with preeclampsia, PIBF concentrations were significantly lower than in normal pregnancy and showed a correlation with the number of symptoms presented [2].
• Sera obtained at the time of delivery, as well as those from women with pre-term deliveries or miscarriages, contained significantly less PIBF than sera of 209 healthy pregnant women [3].
• The impact of dydrogesterone supplementation on hormonal profile and progesterone-induced blocking factor concentrations in women with threatened abortion [4].

High impact information on C13orf24

• Western blotting and EMSA revealed phosphorylation as well as nuclear translocation of STAT6 and inhibition of STAT4 phosphorylation in PIBF-treated cells [5].
• PIBF produced via recombinant technique is recognized by the Ab specific for the secreted lymphocyte PIBF Ab, and possesses the biological activities of the secreted lymphocyte PIBF [6].
• Previous studies from our laboratory showed that the immunomodulatory effects of progesterone are mediated by a 34-kDa protein, named the progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) [6].
• The 48-kDa N-terminal part of PIBF is biologically active, and the part of the molecule, responsible for modulating NK activity is encoded by exons 2-4 [6].
• The PIBF1 cDNA encodes a protein of 757 amino acid residues with an 89-kDa predicted molecular mass, which shows no significant amino acid sequence homology with any known protein [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of C13orf24

• Expression of an immunomodulatory protein known as progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF) does not correlate with first trimester spontaneous abortions in progesterone supplemented women [7].

Biological context of C13orf24

• Given the notion that a number of proteins shown to be involved in tumorigenesis are associated with the centrosome and disturbed centrosome function causes unequal segregation of chromosomes, studies to evaluate whether or not PIBF that is highly expressed in tumors is directly involved in tumorigenesis are thus warranted [1].
• In pathological pregnancies, urinary PIBF levels failed to increase [2].
• In 11 of 13 women with uterine contractions the outcome of pregnancy was predictable by normal or lower than normal levels of PIBF in the sera taken at the time the symptoms were presented [3].
• PROBLEM: The immunological effects of progesterone are mediated by a protein, named the progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) [8].
• Sera were drawn 12 days from ovulation in non-IVF cycles or 9 days after ET and were assayed for PIBF and beta human chorionic gondotropin [9].

Anatomical context of C13orf24

• Therefore our study was designed to analyze the expression of PIBF in malignant cell lines and primary tumors both at the mRNA and protein levels [1].
• Evidence that the expression of progesterone-induced blocking factor by maternal T-lymphocytes is positively correlated with conception [9].
• CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal expression of PIBF in T-lymphocytes soon after trophoblast invasion may depend on successful implantation [9].
• CONCLUSIONS: Leukocyte immunization causes an increase in PIBF in many cases [10].
• The lymphocytes were tested for reactivity with a PIBF-specific antibody by immunocytochemistry, and simultaneously for cytotoxic activity to human embryonic fibroblast targets [8].

Associations of C13orf24 with chemical compounds

• PIBF by acting on the phospholipase A2 enzyme interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism, induces a Th2 biased immune response, and by controlling NK activity exerts an anti-abortive effect [11].
• Further, dydrogesterone increased levels of plasma PIBF in stressed mice, but did not affect progesterone levels [12].
• Blocking of progesterone receptors by RU 486 or neutralizing endogenous PIBF activity by specific antibody significantly reduced the production of asymmetric antibodies in pregnant mice [13].
• RESULTS: Neutralization of progesterone-induced blocking factor, as well as lipopolysaccharide treatment, resulted in an increased expression of interleukin 12 that was corrected by simultaneous indomethacin treatment [14].
• A corpus luteum is not a prerequisite for the expression of progesterone induced blocking factor by T-lymphocytes a week after implantation [15].

Regulatory relationships of C13orf24

• During late gestation, on the contrary, LPS- or TNF-induced delivery cannot be counteracted by alloimmunization nor by a progesterone-induced blocking factor, at least in the regimens employed by us [16].

Other interactions of C13orf24

• Cyclooxygenase is involved in the effects of progesterone-induced blocking factor on the production of interleukin 12 [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C13orf24

• Molecular cloning and immunologic characterization of a novel cDNA coding for progesterone-induced blocking factor [6].
• Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a centrosomal localization for the full-length PIBF, while the 35 kDa form showed a diffuse cytoplasmic staining [1].
• The aim of this study was to develop an ELISA test for determining PIBF concentrations in biological samples of pregnant women [2].
• Urinary progesterone-induced blocking factor concentration is related to pregnancy outcome [2].
• Lymphocyte immunotherapy (LI) increases serum levels of progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF) [10].

References