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Gene Review:

parC - DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A

Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EDL933

Zhao, X. et al., Vila, J. et al., Petersen, A. et al., Lautenbach, E. et al., Pasquali, F. et al.

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Disease relevance of parC

With E. coli, a gyrA, but not a parC, mutation raised the MIC of both compounds [1].

High impact information on parC

Of 149 isolates, 102 (68.5%) had a MIC > or = 8 microg/mL, 138 (92.6%) had > or = 1 gyrA mutation, 101 (67.8%) had > or = 1 parC mutation, and 59 (39.6%) demonstrated OST [2].
With S. aureus, the dimer selected spontaneous resistant gyrA mutants, whereas ciprofloxacin selected a parC mutant [1].

Biological context of parC

Moreover point mutations in the QRDR of the gyrA and parC genes were investigated by sequencing [3].
The molecular background for the fluoroquinolone-resistance was investigated and point mutations in gyrA and parC leading to amino-acid substitutions in quinolone-resistance determining regions of GyrA and ParC were demonstrated [4].

Associations of parC with chemical compounds

RESULTS: The dimer was lethal, in some cases exhibiting more activity than ciprofloxacin (particularly with wild-type cells and a parC mutant of S. aureus) [1].
The objective of this study was to analyse an array of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin derivatives in order to determine those with good activity against bacteria that already present fluoroquinolone resistance associated with mutations in the gyrA and/or parC genes [5].

References

Bactericidal activity and target preference of a piperazinyl-cross-linked ciprofloxacin dimer with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Zhao, X., Quinn, B., Kerns, R., Drlica, K. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2006) [Pubmed]
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of fecal Escherichia coli isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones: results from a large hospital-based surveillance initiative. Lautenbach, E., Fishman, N.O., Metlay, J.P., Mao, X., Bilker, W.B., Tolomeo, P., Nachamkin, I. J. Infect. Dis. (2006) [Pubmed]
Mutant prevention concentration of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pasquali, F., Manfreda, G. Vet. Microbiol. (2007) [Pubmed]
Vertical transmission of a fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli within an integrated broiler operation. Petersen, A., Christensen, J.P., Kuhnert, P., Bisgaard, M., Olsen, J.E. Vet. Microbiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
Antibacterial evaluation of a collection of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin derivatives against multiresistant bacteria. Vila, J., Sánchez-Céspedes, J., Sierra, J.M., Piqueras, M., Nicolás, E., Freixas, J., Giralt, E. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents (2006) [Pubmed]

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