Altered cell-matrix associated ADAM proteins in Alzheimer disease.
Alterations in cell-matrix 'contact' are often related to a disruption of cell cycle regulation and, as such, occur variously in neoplasia. Given the recent findings showing cell cycle alterations in Alzheimer disease, we undertook a study of ADAM-1 and 2 (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease), developmentally-regulated, integrin-binding, membrane-bound metalloproteases. Our results show that whereas ADAM-1 and 2 are found in susceptible hippocampal neurons in Alzheimer disease, these proteins were not generally increased in similar neuronal populations in younger or age-matched controls except in association with age-related neurofibrillary alterations. This increase in both ADAM-1 and 2 in cases of Alzheimer disease was verified by immunoblot analysis (P < 0.05). An ADAM- induced loss of matrix integration would effectively "reset" the mitotic clock and thereby stimulate re-entry into the cell cycle in neurons in Alzheimer disease. Furthermore, given the importance of integrins in maintaining short-term memory, alterations in ADAM proteins or their proteolytic activity could also play a proximal role in the clinico-pathological manifestations of Alzheimer disease.[1]References
- Altered cell-matrix associated ADAM proteins in Alzheimer disease. Gerst, J.L., Raina, A.K., Pirim, I., McShea, A., Harris, P.L., Siedlak, S.L., Takeda, A., Petersen, R.B., Smith, M.A. J. Neurosci. Res. (2000) [Pubmed]
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