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Mukherji, M. et al.

Utilization of sterol carrier protein-2 by phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase in the peroxisomal alpha oxidation of phytanic acid.

Since it possesses a 3-methyl group, phytanic acid is degraded by a peroxisomal alpha-oxidation pathway, the first step of which is catalyzed by phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase ( PAHX). Mutations in human PAHX cause phytanic acid accumulations leading to Adult Refsum's Disease (ARD), which is also observed in a sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2)-deficient mouse model. Phytanoyl-CoA is efficiently 2-hydroxylated by PAHX in vitro in the presence of mature SCP-2. Other straight-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters were also 2-hydroxylated and the products isolated and characterized. Use of SCP-2 increases discrimination between straight-chain (e.g., hexadecanoyl-CoA) and branched-chain (e.g., phytanoyl-CoA) substrates by PAHX. The results explain the phytanic acid accumulation in the SCP-2-deficient mouse model and suggest that some of the common symptoms of ARD and other peroxisomal diseases may arise in part due to defects in SCP-2 function caused by increased phytanic acid levels.[1]

References

Utilization of sterol carrier protein-2 by phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase in the peroxisomal alpha oxidation of phytanic acid. Mukherji, M., Kershaw, N.J., Schofield, C.J., Wierzbicki, A.S., Lloyd, M.D. Chem. Biol. (2002) [Pubmed]

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