Midlife income, occupation, APOE status, and dementia: a population-based study.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and APOE carrier status on the development of dementia. METHODS: Subjects were derived from random, population-based samples previously studied in surveys carried out in 1972, 1977, 1982, and 1987. After an average follow-up of 21 years, 1449 (73%) subjects aged 65 to 79 years were re-examined in 1998. The diagnosis of dementia among the nonparticipants was derived from patient records of the local hospitals and primary health care clinics. RESULTS: Low income level at old age was related to dementia, but low income level at midlife was not a risk factor for dementia. Dementia was also associated with decreasing income level, from midlife to old age 21 years later, when dementia was diagnosed. A sedentary occupation (office, service, or intellectual work) was associated with a decreased risk for dementia among participants; however, when the nonparticipants were included in the analysis, the associations were no longer significant. Low educational level and the APOE epsilon4 allele independently increased the risk for dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction in income level during follow-up and low income level at old age might be the consequence of a dementing process rather than being associated with risk evolution of dementia.[1]References
- Midlife income, occupation, APOE status, and dementia: a population-based study. Anttila, T., Helkala, E.L., Kivipelto, M., Hallikainen, M., Alhainen, K., Heinonen, H., Mannermaa, A., Tuomilehto, J., Soininen, H., Nissinen, A. Neurology (2002) [Pubmed]
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