- Mildronate, an inhibitor of carnitine biosynthesis, induces an increase in gamma-butyrobetaine contents and cardioprotection in isolated rat heart infarction. Liepinsh, E., Vilskersts, R., Loca, D., Kirjanova, O., Pugovichs, O., Kalvinsh, I., Dambrova, M. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (2006)