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Hypocretins and primary headaches: neurobiology and clinical implications.

Hypocretins (or orexins) are two neuropeptides synthesized by neurons located exclusively in the hypothalamus. Hypocretin-containing neurons have widespread projections throughout the CNS; with particularly dense excitatory projections to monoaminergic and serotonergic brainstem centers. The hypocretin system influences a wide range of physiological processes in mammals, such as feeding, arousal, rewards and drug addiction. Recently, a number of studies in experimental animals showed that hypocretins are involved in pain modulation within the CNS, and suggested the presence of a link between these peptides and nociceptive phenomena observed in primary headaches. The aim of this review is to describe and discuss recent studies in humans suggesting a role for the hypocretin neuronal system in cluster headache and chronic migraine.[1]

References

  1. Hypocretins and primary headaches: neurobiology and clinical implications. Rainero, I., De Martino, P., Pinessi, L. Expert. Rev. Neurother (2008) [Pubmed]
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