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Brody, A.L. et al.

Arthur L. Brody, Richard E. Olmstead, Anna L. Abrams, Matthew R. Costello, Aliyah Khan, Daniel Kozman, Sanjaya Saxena, Judah Farahi, Edythe D. London, Mark A. Mandelkern,

Effect of a history of major depressive disorder on smoking-induced dopamine release.

BACKGROUND: Dopamine (DA) system dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). We sought to determine if cigarette smokers with a history of MDD and current mild depressive symptoms have abnormal smoking-induced DA release (measured indirectly as change in (11)C-raclopride binding potential [BP(ND)]). METHODS: Fifty-six cigarette smokers either with (n = 10) or without (n = 46) a history of MDD (MDD+ and MDD-, respectively) underwent bolus-plus-continuous-infusion (11)C-raclopride positron emission tomography, during which they smoked a regular cigarette. Presmoking to postsmoking changes in (11)C-raclopride BP(ND) were compared between groups. Also, correlations were determined between change in BP(ND) and depression, anxiety, and withdrawal rating scale scores for the MDD+ group. RESULTS: The MDD+ group had a significantly greater reduction in (11)C-raclopride BP(ND) (-16.3%) than the MDD- group (-8.4%) (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA], p = .03). Significant negative correlations were found between depression/anxiety and change in (11)C-raclopride BP(ND) (r = -.77, p < .01 and r = -.74, p = .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: MDD+ smokers have greater smoking-induced DA release than MDD- smokers, and higher depression/anxiety levels are associated with greater smoking-induced DA release. These findings support the theory that MDD+ smokers have DA system dysfunction, including heightened smoking-induced DA release.[1]

References

Effect of a history of major depressive disorder on smoking-induced dopamine release. Brody, A.L., Olmstead, R.E., Abrams, A.L., Costello, M.R., Khan, A., Kozman, D., Saxena, S., Farahi, J., London, E.D., Mandelkern, M.A. Biol. Psychiatry (2009) [Pubmed]

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