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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
 
 
 
 

Short term regulation of ureagenesis.

In order to examine the mechanism of the acute response of ureagenesis to amino acid loads, rats were injected intraperitoneally with various doses of a mixture of 20 amino acids. Blood ammonia rose only slightly with doses of 0.5 to 2.0 g/kg, but increased sharply at doses of 3 to 5 g/kg. Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (EC 2.7.2.5) activity, assayed in intact mitochondria isolated from livers removed 15 min after injection of amino acids, with N-acetylglutamate at its endogenous levels, rose up to 5-fold with increasing doses up to 2 g/kg; no further activation occurred with larger doses. This maximal activity was the same as the activity measured in disrupted mitochondria. Hepatic levels of glutamate and N-acetylglutamate increased approximately linearly with dose of amino acids. The time course of these changes following a dose of 1.5 g/kg was studied. Glutamate, N-acetylglutamate, and carbamyl phosphate synthetase I activity all peaked 5 to 15 min after injection. All of these results were virtually unaltered by omission of arginine from the injected mixture, indicating that the increase in N-acetylglutamate was not attributable to activation by arginine of N-acetylglutamate synthetase. These results indicate that moderate loads of amino acids activate unreagenesis via a rapid increase in N-acetylglutamate levels, secondary to increased mitochondrial glutamate, and independently of injected arginine. This autoregulatory mechanism becomes saturated at large doses of amino acids, and hyperammonemia then supervenes.[1]

References

  1. Short term regulation of ureagenesis. Stewart, P.M., Walser, M. J. Biol. Chem. (1980) [Pubmed]
 
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