Tumor-initiating activity of benz[c]acridine and twelve of its derivatives on mouse skin.
Benz[c]acridine (B[c]ACR) and 12 of its derivatives, including the 5 metabolically possible trans-dihydrodiols, the diastereomeric bay-region diol-epoxides, 2 non-bay-region diol-epoxides, and the K-region arene oxide, were tested for tumor-initiating activity on mouse skin. A single topical application of 0.4 to 2.5 mumol of compound was followed 12 days later by twice-weekly applications of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate for 25 weeks. B[c]ACR was a weak tumor initiator on mouse skin, producing a 37% tumor incidence and 1.33 tumors/mouse at the 2.5-mumol dose. Of the five metabolically possible trans-dihydrodiols of B[c]ACR, only trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-B[c]ACR had significant tumor-initiating activity. This compound was at least 6-fold more active than was the parent compound at the three doses tested. The diastereomeric bay-region diol-epoxides, in which the epoxide oxygen is either cis(isomer 1) or trans (isomer 2) to the benzylic hydroxyl group, each had significant tumor-initiating activity, although isomer 2 was at least 5-fold more active than was isomer 1 and had activity equal to that of its potential metabolic precursor, trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-B[c]ACR. Two non-bay-region diol-epoxides (isomer 2 of the 8,9-diol-10,11-epoxide and the 10,11-diol-8,9-epoxide) and the 5,6-arene oxide (K-region) were inactive at the doses tested. 3,4-Dihydro-B[c]ACR, the potential metabolic precursor of a bay-region tetrahydroepoxide, was the most potent tumor initiator analyzed in the present study. At an initiating dose of 0.4 mumol, this compound produced a 97% tumor incidence and 7.90 tumors/mouse after 15 weeks of promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. These results suggest that B[c]ACR, the N-12 analogue of benz[a]anthracene, undergoes metabolic activation to an ultimate carcinogenic metabolite via formation of a bay-region diol-epoxide, as has already been demonstrated for benz[a]anthracene.[1]References
- Tumor-initiating activity of benz[c]acridine and twelve of its derivatives on mouse skin. Levin, W., Wood, A.W., Chang, R.L., Kumar, S., Yagi, H., Jerina, D.M., Lehr, R.E., Conney, A.H. Cancer Res. (1983) [Pubmed]
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