Disease relevance of ANKK1

• Markers for both myoepithelial and epithelial cells, keratin MAb PKK2 and LP34, stained most of the inner cells in benign lesions but usually only relatively few malignant cells in carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinomas [1].
• In psoriasis and lichen planus, the PKK2 antibody distinctly revealed all epidermal cell layers by immunostaining [2].
• In pityriasis rubra pilaris, the basal cell layer was uniformly stained with the PKK2 antibody, but only some keratinocytes in upper cell layers showed fluorescence and, in chronic eczema, the 3-4 lowest epidermal cell layers were reactive [2].
• However, one mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed vimentin expression and two acinic cell carcinomas were vimentin negative and more reactive for PKK2 than PKK3 [3].

High impact information on ANKK1

• We conclude that a risk locus for ND, important both in AAs and EAs, maps to a region that spans TTC12 and ANKK1 [4].
• In fetal kidneys, the epithelial cells of proximal and distal tubules and of collecting ducts showed a cytoplasmic staining with two monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins (PKK1 and PKK2), reacting with different cytokeratin polypeptides [5].
• The ureteric bud and connecting piece expressed the type 1 precursor chain of ABO antigens mostly early in gestation, the H antigen of the ABO system mostly later in gestation, and cytokeratins detected by PKK2 [6].
• We have examined kidneys from 21 human fetuses of various ages using an immunohistological method for substances related to the ABO blood group system, various cytokeratins including those detected by the monoclonal antibody PKK2, and Tamm-Horsfall protein [6].
• In the deep portion of the crypt, where numerous lymphocytes invade the epithelium, the epithelial cells are transformed into star-shaped reticulum cells showing PKK1- and PKK2-positive reactions [7].

Biological context of ANKK1

• Identification and characterization of ANKK1: a novel kinase gene closely linked to DRD2 on chromosome band 11q23.1 [8].
• If this is the case, then changes in ANKK1 activity may provide an alternative explanation for previously described associations between the DRD2 Taq1A RFLP and neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction [8].
• A review of the patterns of expression for ANKK1 and DRD2 and the extent of linkage disequilibrium between the two genes sheds light on additional criteria for the selection of candidate genes in imaging-genetic studies [9].
• In an effort to understand the basis for the specificity of gene-associated brain activity, we explore a well-studied genetic polymorphism, TaqIA, which lies downstream of the DRD2 gene in the protein-encoding region of a neighboring gene, ANKK1, which is not expressed in the brain [9].

Anatomical context of ANKK1

• Within this downstream region, we have identified a novel kinase gene, named ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1), which contains a single serine/threonine kinase domain and is expressed at low levels in placenta and whole spinal cord RNA [8].
• In adult normal skin, these antibodies bind only to the follicular epithelium (PKK1), the basal keratinocytes (PKK2), or the suprabasal cells in interfollicular epidermis (KA5) [2].
• PKK2 antibody reacted with the surrounding epithelial cells, but did not react with the taste bud cells [10].
• The differentiation of the keratinocytes of the human palatine tonsils were studied by means of light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal (K) and two monoclonal antikeratin antibodies (PKK1, PKK2) [7].
• In gingiva, PKK2 gave a suprabasal staining and KA1 reacted with all epithelial cell layers [11].

Associations of ANKK1 with chemical compounds

• Keratin MAb PKK2 and LP34, which stain myoepithelial cells in preference to epithelial cells in main ducts, as well as MAb to epithelium-specific keratin 18, all stain many of the cortical/luminal cells in buds and lobules of developing breast; the peripheral cap cells are relatively unstained [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ANKK1

• Confocal microscopy and other techniques showed that this point marked an abrupt beginning of tubular staining by the cytokeratin antibody PKK2 and the lectin UEA 1, with an abrupt end of staining by the lectin DBA [13].

References