Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)

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Gene Review:

snRNA:U2:38ABb - small nuclear RNA U2 at 38ABb

Drosophila melanogaster

Wooley, J.C., Shivaswamy, S., Dominski, Z., Alonso, A., Wang, Y., et al.

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High impact information on snRNA:U2:38ABb

We show that the U12-type introns are more slowly spliced than the major-class (U2-type) introns from three endogenous pre-mRNAs in human tissue culture cells [1].
Base pairing between the 5' end of U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and the histone downstream element (HDE) in replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs is the key event in 3'-end processing that leads to generation of mature histone mRNAs [2].
At least 11 species of snRNA are present in Drosophila nuclei; among them we identify a potential mammalian U1 homolog based on sequence homology [3].
Velocity sedimentation in sucrose gradients was used to partially fractionate the RNPs; analysis of fractions so obtained suggests that, in general, one snRNP contains one snRNA [3].
In contrast, TFIIIC has little or no effect on SNR6 transcription with purified components in vitro due to direct recognition of the SNR6 TATA box by TFIIIB [4].

Biological context of snRNA:U2:38ABb

Transcription of snRNA genes by either polymerase is dependent on a proximal sequence element (PSE) located upstream of position -40 relative to the transcription start site [5].
Our results suggest that TFIIIC, which is a basal transcription factor of pol III, also plays a direct role in remodeling chromatin on the SNR6 gene [4].
Divergence of U2 snRNA sequences in the genome of D. melanogaster [6].
These genes show conservation of 5' and 3' flanking regions relative to other U1 and U2 snRNA genes of Drosophila [7].
By Northern analysis we observed that the quantities of U2- and U1-snRNA are coordinated and change during the embryonic development of the fly [6].

Anatomical context of snRNA:U2:38ABb

The extensive post-transcriptional modification of U2 snRNA is required for spliceosome assembly and pre-mRNA splicing in vertebrates [8].
U2 snRNAs are small, stable RNAs located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that recognize the branch point of the intron-exon junction [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of snRNA:U2:38ABb

These genes were localized by in situ hybridization at different chromosomal loci and show no spatial relationship to the U2 snRNA genes [10].
Eight U2 snRNA variants were isolated from several Bombyx mori U2-specific RT-PCR libraries [11].
Recently, chromatin immunoprecipitation and a gel shift assay suggested that L. seymouri SNAP(c) also interacts with RNA pol III-transcribed U2 and U6 snRNA genes [12].

References

The splicing of U12-type introns can be a rate-limiting step in gene expression. Patel, A.A., McCarthy, M., Steitz, J.A. EMBO J. (2002)
Cloning and characterization of the Drosophila U7 small nuclear RNA. Dominski, Z., Yang, X.C., Purdy, M., Marzluff, W.F. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2003)
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes of Drosophila melanogaster. Wooley, J.C., Cone, R.D., Tartof, D., Chung, S.Y. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1982)
High-level activation of transcription of the yeast U6 snRNA gene in chromatin by the basal RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIC. Shivaswamy, S., Kassavetis, G.A., Bhargava, P. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2004)
Identification and topological arrangement of Drosophila proximal sequence element (PSE)-binding protein subunits that contact the PSEs of U1 and U6 small nuclear RNA genes. Wang, Y., Stumph, W.E. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1998)
Divergence of U2 snRNA sequences in the genome of D. melanogaster. Alonso, A., Beck, E., Jorcano, J.L., Hovemann, B. Nucleic Acids Res. (1984)
A complete and a truncated U1 snRNA gene of Drosophila melanogaster are found as inverted repeats at region 82E of the polytene chromosomes. Kejzlarová-Lepesant, J., Brock, H.W., Moreau, J., Dubertret, M.L., Billault, A., Lepesant, J.A. Nucleic Acids Res. (1984)
Maintaining a conserved methylation in plant and insect U2 snRNA through compensatory mutation by nucleotide insertion. Huang, Z.P., Zhou, H., Qu, L.H. IUBMB Life (2005)
Canine U2 snRNA gene: nucleotide sequence, characterization and implications in RNA processing and cancer biology. Verma, M., Davidson, E.A. Cancer Biochem. Biophys. (1994)
Drosophila melanogaster U1 snRNA genes. Alonso, A., Jorcano, J.L., Beck, E., Hovemann, B., Schmidt, T. J. Mol. Biol. (1984)
Multiple forms of U2 snRNA coexist in the silk moth Bombyx mori. Sierra-Montes, J.M., Freund, A.V., Ruiz, L.M., Szmulewicz, M.N., Rowold, D.J., Herrera, R.J. Insect Mol. Biol. (2002)
Failure to detect binding of Trypanosoma brucei SNAPc to U2 and U6 snRNA gene sequences by in vitro transcription competition and pull-down assays. Schimanski, B., Ma, L., Günzl, A. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. (2004)