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Gene Review:

GUN4 - protein GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4

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Disease relevance of GUN4

Here we report a 1.78-A resolution crystal structure of Synechocystis GUN4, in which the porphyrin-binding domain adopts a unique three dimensional fold with a "cupped hand" shape [1].

High impact information on GUN4

There is a reduction of chlorophyll accumulation in gun4 and gun5 mutant plants, and a gun4gun5 double mutant shows an albino phenotype [2].
GUN5 is the ChlH subunit of Mg-chelatase, which produces Mg-Proto, and GUN4 is a regulator of ChlH activity (2) [3].
Ycf53 is a hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame with similarity to the Arabidopsis nuclear gene GUN4 [4].
Accumulation of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto), an intermediate in chlorophyll biosynthesis, is a plastid signal that represses nuclear transcription through a signaling pathway that, in Arabidopsis, requires the GUN4 gene [5].

References

Structure of the Mg-chelatase cofactor GUN4 reveals a novel hand-shaped fold for porphyrin binding. Verdecia, M.A., Larkin, R.M., Ferrer, J.L., Riek, R., Chory, J., Noel, J.P. PLoS Biol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Arabidopsis genomes uncoupled 5 (GUN5) mutant reveals the involvement of Mg-chelatase H subunit in plastid-to-nucleus signal transduction. Mochizuki, N., Brusslan, J.A., Larkin, R., Nagatani, A., Chory, J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2001) [Pubmed]
Pathways of intracellular communication: tetrapyrroles and plastid-to-nucleus signaling. Rodermel, S., Park, S. Bioessays (2003) [Pubmed]
The gun4 gene is essential for cyanobacterial porphyrin metabolism. Wilde, A., Mikolajczyk, S., Alawady, A., Lokstein, H., Grimm, B. FEBS Lett. (2004) [Pubmed]
GUN4, a regulator of chlorophyll synthesis and intracellular signaling. Larkin, R.M., Alonso, J.M., Ecker, J.R., Chory, J. Science (2003) [Pubmed]

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