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Gene Review

ACS5  -  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 5

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: 1-AMINO-1-CYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE, ACC synthase 5, ATACS5, CIN5, CYTOKININ-INSENSITIVE 5, ...
 
 
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High impact information on ACS5

  • The eto1 mutation was found to act by increasing the function of ACS5 by stabilizing this protein [1].
  • In a similar manner, cytokinin treatment increased the stability of ACS5 by a mechanism that is at least partially independent of the eto2 mutation [1].
  • One group of these mutants disrupts ACS5, a member of the Arabidopsis gene family that encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, the first enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis [2].
  • The ACS5 isoform is mainly responsible for the sustained rise in ethylene biosynthesis observed in response to low levels of cytokinin and appears to be regulated primarily by a posttranscriptional mechanism [2].
  • Wounding of hypocotyl tissue inhibits the constitutive expression of ACS1 and ACS5 and induces the expression of ACS2, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 11 [3].
 

Associations of ACS5 with chemical compounds

 

Physical interactions of ACS5

  • The ETO1 protein directly interacts with and inhibits the enzyme activity of full-length ACS5 but not of a truncated form of the enzyme, resulting in a marked accumulation of ACS5 protein and ethylene [4].
 

Regulatory relationships of ACS5

 

Other interactions of ACS5

  • The effects of Li+ on the expression of ACS5 and ACS2 are specific, dose-dependent, and can be reversed by Ca2+ and mimicked by the protein kinase inhibitor K-252a [6].
  • In the mature leaves, AtACS4 and AtACS7 genes are expressed in both veins and areoles, whereas AtACS5 is expressed at a higher level in the areoles and epidermal cells surrounding trichomes [7].
  • We used mutations in genes that overproduce ethylene (eto1, eto2, eto3 and eto4) to illustrate the positive regulatory role of ethylene [8].

References

  1. The eto1, eto2, and eto3 mutations and cytokinin treatment increase ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by increasing the stability of ACS protein. Chae, H.S., Faure, F., Kieber, J.J. Plant Cell (2003) [Pubmed]
  2. Recessive and dominant mutations in the ethylene biosynthetic gene ACS5 of Arabidopsis confer cytokinin insensitivity and ethylene overproduction, respectively. Vogel, J.P., Woeste, K.E., Theologis, A., Kieber, J.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1998) [Pubmed]
  3. Unique and overlapping expression patterns among the Arabidopsis 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene family members. Tsuchisaka, A., Theologis, A. Plant Physiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  4. Regulation of ethylene gas biosynthesis by the Arabidopsis ETO1 protein. Wang, K.L., Yoshida, H., Lurin, C., Ecker, J.R. Nature (2004) [Pubmed]
  5. Arabidopsis ETO1 specifically interacts with and negatively regulates type 2 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthases. Yoshida, H., Nagata, M., Saito, K., Wang, K.L., Ecker, J.R. BMC Plant Biol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. Li(+)-regulated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Liang, X., Shen, N.F., Theologis, A. Plant J. (1996) [Pubmed]
  7. The GUS reporter-aided analysis of the promoter activities of Arabidopsis ACC synthase genes AtACS4, AtACS5, and AtACS7 induced by hormones and stresses. Wang, N.N., Shih, M.C., Li, N. J. Exp. Bot. (2005) [Pubmed]
  8. Differential ethylene sensitivity of epidermal cells is involved in the establishment of cell pattern in the Arabidopsis root. Cao, X.F., Linstead, P., Berger, F., Kieber, J., Dolan, L. Physiol. Plantarum (1999) [Pubmed]
 
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